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The Innate Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection Is Dampened in the Newborn Brain and Can Be Modulated by Exogenous Interferon Beta To Improve Survival.
mBio ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 , DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00921-20
Daniel Giraldo 1 , Douglas R Wilcox 2, 3, 4 , Richard Longnecker 5
Affiliation  

Newborns are particularly susceptible to severe forms of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, including encephalitis and multisystemic disseminated disease. The underlying age-dependent differences in the immune response that explain this increased susceptibility relative to the adult population remain largely understudied. Using a murine model of HSV-1 infection, we found that newborn mice are largely susceptible to intracranial and intraperitoneal challenge while adult mice are highly resistant. This age-dependent difference correlated with differential basal-level expression of components of innate immune signaling pathways, which resulted in dampened interferon (IFN) signaling in the newborn brain. To explore the possibility of modulating the IFN response in the newborn brain to recapitulate the adult phenotype, we administered exogenous IFN-β in the context of disseminated HSV-1 infection. IFN-β treatment resulted in significantly increased survival and delayed viral neuroinvasion in the newborn. These effects were associated with changes in the type I IFN response in the brain, reduced viral replication in the periphery, and the stabilization of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our study reveals important age-dependent differences in the innate immune response to HSV-1 infection and suggests a contribution of the BBB and the brain parenchyma in mediating the increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection observed in the newborn. These results could provide the basis for potential new therapeutic strategies for life-threatening HSV-1 infection in newborns.

中文翻译:

对单纯疱疹病毒1感染的先天免疫反应在新生儿大脑中受到抑制,可以通过外源性干扰素β调节以提高生存率。

新生儿特别容易感染严重形式的单纯疱疹病毒1(HSV-1),包括脑炎和多系统性播散性疾病。很大程度上解释了相对于成年人群这种易感性增加的潜在的年龄依赖性免疫应答差异。使用HSV-1感染的鼠模型,我们发现新生小鼠在很大程度上受到颅内和腹膜内攻击,而成年小鼠则具有高度抵抗力。这种与年龄有关的差异与先天性免疫信号通路的成分的基础水平差异表达相关,这导致新生脑中干扰素(IFN)信号减弱。为了探讨调节新生儿大脑中IFN反应以概括成人表型的可能性,我们在弥漫性HSV-1感染的情况下给予外源性IFN-β。IFN-β治疗可显着提高新生儿的存活率并延迟病毒神经侵袭。这些影响与大脑中I型IFN反应的改变,外周病毒复制减少以及血脑屏障(BBB)的稳定有关。我们的研究揭示了对HSV-1感染的先天免疫反应中重要的年龄依赖性差异,并暗示了BBB和脑实质在介导新生儿对HSV-1感染的敏感性增加中的贡献。这些结果可为威胁生命的新生儿HSV-1感染的潜在新治疗策略提供基础。IFN-β治疗可显着提高新生儿的存活率并延迟病毒神经侵袭。这些影响与大脑中I型IFN反应的改变,外周病毒复制减少以及血脑屏障(BBB)的稳定有关。我们的研究揭示了对HSV-1感染的先天免疫反应中重要的年龄依赖性差异,并暗示了BBB和脑实质在介导新生儿对HSV-1感染的敏感性增加中的贡献。这些结果可为威胁生命的新生儿HSV-1感染的潜在新治疗策略提供基础。IFN-β治疗可显着提高新生儿的存活率并延迟病毒神经侵袭。这些影响与大脑中I型IFN反应的改变,外周病毒复制减少以及血脑屏障(BBB)的稳定有关。我们的研究揭示了对HSV-1感染的先天免疫反应中重要的年龄依赖性差异,并暗示了BBB和脑实质在介导新生儿对HSV-1感染的敏感性增加中的贡献。这些结果可为威胁生命的新生儿HSV-1感染的潜在新治疗策略提供基础。以及血脑屏障(BBB)的稳定化。我们的研究揭示了对HSV-1感染的先天免疫反应中重要的年龄依赖性差异,并暗示了BBB和脑实质在介导新生儿对HSV-1感染的敏感性增加中的贡献。这些结果可为威胁生命的新生儿HSV-1感染的潜在新治疗策略提供基础。以及血脑屏障(BBB)的稳定化。我们的研究揭示了对HSV-1感染的先天免疫反应中重要的年龄依赖性差异,并暗示了BBB和脑实质在介导新生儿对HSV-1感染的敏感性增加中的贡献。这些结果可为威胁生命的新生儿HSV-1感染的潜在新治疗策略提供基础。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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