Background:Social anxiety is common among adolescents in Pakistan and is associated with low self-esteem. Among the recommended treatments, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective, and self-help approaches are encouraged.Aim:To determine the effectiveness of culturally adapted CBT-based guided self-help (CACBT-GSH) intervention, using a manual ‘Khushi aur Khatoon’, for treating social anxiety when added to treatment as usual (TAU) compared with TAU only.Method:A total of 76 adolescents with social anxiety aged 13–16 years from six schools in Multan, Pakistan were recruited into this randomized controlled trial. Participants were divided into intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. Social anxiety, self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation were assessed through the Liebowtiz Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation, respectively, at baseline and at the end of the study. Guided self-help using culturally adapted CBT (CACBT)-based self-help manual (eight sessions, one session per week) was provided to the intervention group. The effect of the CACBT-GSH intervention was analysed with ANCOVA.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups in favour of intervention. Participants in the intervention group showed reduced symptoms of social anxiety (p < .001), fear of negative evaluation (p < .001) and enhanced self-esteem (p < .001).Conclusion:The study demonstrated the effectiveness of CACBT-based guided self-help intervention in treating social anxiety and addressing the symptoms associated with it.

中文翻译：

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基于文化适应性认知行为疗法的引导式自助 (CACBT-GSH) 干预对减少青少年社交焦虑和增强自尊的有效性：来自巴基斯坦的一项随机对照试验

背景：社交焦虑在巴基斯坦青少年中很常见，并且与自尊心低下有关。在推荐的治疗方法中，认知行为疗法 (CBT) 是有效的，并鼓励自助方法。目的：使用手动“Khushi”确定基于文化适应的基于 CBT 的引导式自助 (CACBT-GSH) 干预的有效性aur Khatoon'，与仅 TAU 相比，在常规治疗 (TAU) 的基础上治疗社交焦虑症。方法：共有 76 名来自巴基斯坦木尔坦六所学校的 13-16 岁社交焦虑症青少年被招募到这个随机对照研究中审判。参与者以1:1的比例分为干预组和对照组。通过儿童和青少年的 Liebowtiz 社交焦虑量表评估社交焦虑、自尊和对负面评价的恐惧，分别在基线和研究结束时的罗森伯格自尊量表和对负面评价的短暂恐惧。向干预组提供了使用基于文化适应的 CBT (CACBT) 的自助手册（8 节课，每周 1 节课）的引导式自助。采用ANCOVA分析CACBT-GSH干预的效果。结果：干预组与对照组有利于干预的差异有统计学意义。干预组的参与者表现出社交焦虑症状减轻（采用ANCOVA分析CACBT-GSH干预的效果。结果：干预组与对照组有利于干预的差异有统计学意义。干预组的参与者表现出社交焦虑症状减轻（采用ANCOVA分析CACBT-GSH干预的效果。结果：干预组与对照组有利于干预的差异有统计学意义。干预组的参与者表现出社交焦虑症状减轻（p< .001)，害怕负面评价 (p< .001) 和增强的自尊心 (p< .001). 结论：该研究证明了基于 CACBT 的引导式自助干预在治疗社交焦虑和解决与之相关的症状方面的有效性。