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Dual photoisomerization on distinct potential energy surfaces in a UV absorbing rhodopsin
Journal of the American Chemical Society ( IF 14.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-30 , DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03229
Yusaku Hontani 1 , Matthias Broser 2 , Meike Luck 2 , Jörn Weißenborn 1 , Miroslav Kloz 1, 3 , Peter Hegemann 2 , John T M Kennis 1
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UV-absorbing rhodopsins are essential for UV vision and sensing in all kingdoms of life. Unlike the well-known visible-absorbing rhodopsins, which bind a protonated retinal Schiff base for light absorption, UV-absorbing rhodopsins bind an unprotonated retinal Schiff base. Thus far, the photoreaction dynamics and mechanisms of UV-absorbing rhodopsins have remained essentially unknown. Here, we report the complete excited- and ground-state dynamics of the UV form of histidine kinase rhodopsin 1 (HKR1) from eukaryotic algae, using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) and transient absorption spectroscopy, covering time scales from femtoseconds to milliseconds. We found that energy-level ordering is inverted with respect to visible-absorbing rhodopsins, with an optically forbidden low-lying S1 excited state that has Ag– symmetry and a higher-lying UV-absorbing S2 state of Bu+ symmetry. UV-photoexcitation to the S2 state elicits a unique dual-isomerization reaction: first, C13=C14 cis–trans isomerization occurs during S2–S1 evolution in <100 fs. This very fast reaction features the remarkable property that the newly formed isomer appears in the excited state rather than in the ground state. Second, C15=N16 anti–syn isomerization occurs on the S1–S0 evolution to the ground state in 4.8 ps. We detected two ground-state unprotonated retinal photoproducts, 13-trans/15-anti (all-trans) and 13-cis/15-syn, after relaxation to the ground state. These isomers become protonated in 58 μs and 3.2 ms, respectively, resulting in formation of the blue-absorbing form of HKR1. Our results constitute a benchmark of UV-induced photochemistry of animal and microbial rhodopsins.

中文翻译:

紫外吸收视紫质中不同势能表面的双光异构化

吸收紫外线的视紫红质对于所有生命王国的紫外线视觉和感知都是必不可少的。与众所周知的吸收可见光的视紫红质结合质子化的视网膜希夫碱以吸收光,紫外线吸收视紫质结合非质子化的视网膜希夫碱。迄今为止,吸收紫外线的视紫红质的光反应动力学和机制基本上仍然未知。在这里,我们使用飞秒受激拉曼光谱 (FSRS) 和瞬态吸收光谱报告了真核藻类组氨酸激酶视紫红质 1 (HKR1) 紫外形式的完整激发态和基态动力学,涵盖了从飞秒到毫秒的时间尺度。我们发现吸收可见光的视紫红质的能级顺序是颠倒的,具有光学禁止的低位 S1 激发态,具有 Ag– 对称性和更高位的紫外线吸收 S2 态,具有 Bu+ 对称性。对 S2 状态的紫外光激发引发了独特的双异构化反应:首先,C13=C14 顺反异构化发生在 S2-S1 演化过程中 <100 fs。这种非常快速的反应具有显着的特性,即新形成的异构体以激发态而不是基态出现。其次,C15=N16 反同构异构化发生在 S1-S0 进化到基态的 4.8 ps 内。在放松到基态后,我们检测到两种基态非质子化视网膜光产物,13-反/15-反(全反)和 13-顺/15-syn。这些异构体分别在 58 μs 和 3.2 ms 内质子化,从而形成吸收蓝光的 HKR1。
更新日期:2020-05-30
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