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Extreme Arsenic and Antimony Uptake and Tolerance in Toad Tadpoles during Development in Highly Contaminated Wetlands.
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00558 Meghan A Dovick 1 , Robert S Arkle 2 , Thomas R Kulp 1 , David S Pilliod 2
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00558 Meghan A Dovick 1 , Robert S Arkle 2 , Thomas R Kulp 1 , David S Pilliod 2
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The effects of extreme concentrations of toxic metalloids, such as arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb), on larval amphibians are not well-understood. We sampled Western Toad tadpoles (Anaxyrus boreas) living in As- and Sb-contaminated wetlands throughout their development. Although the tadpoles completed metamorphosis, they accumulated among the highest concentrations of As and Sb ever reported for a living vertebrate (3866.9 mg/kg; 315.0 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively). Ingestion of contaminated sediment had a more important role in metalloid accumulation than aqueous exposure alone. Metalloids were initially concentrated in the gut; however, by metamorphosis, the majority were found in other tissues. These concentrations subsequently decreased with the onset of metamorphosis, yet remained quite elevated. Sublethal effects, including delayed development and reduced size at metamorphosis, were associated with elevated metalloid exposure. The presence of organic arsenicals in tadpole tissues suggests they have the ability to biomethylate inorganic As compounds. The arsenical trimethyl arsine oxide accounted for the majority of extractable organic As, with lesser amounts of monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. Our findings demonstrate remarkable tolerance of toad tadpoles to extreme metalloid exposure and implicate physiological processes mediating that tolerance.
中文翻译：
在高度污染的湿地中蟾蜍Ta的极高砷和锑摄入量和耐受性。
砷，砷等有害有毒金属的极高浓度对幼虫两栖动物的影响尚不清楚。我们取样了西方蟾蜍t（Anaaxyrusboras）在整个开发过程中都生活在被As和Sb污染的湿地中。尽管the已经完成了变态，但它们却在有生命的脊椎动物中有史以来最高的As和Sb浓度下积累（分别为3866.9 mg / kg； 315.0 mg / kg（干重））。摄入污染的沉积物在类金属积累中比单独的水暴露具有更重要的作用。准金属最初被浓缩在肠道中。然而，通过变态，大多数发现在其他组织中。这些浓度随后随着变态的开始而降低，但仍然相当高。亚致死作用，包括发育迟缓和变态时大小减小，与类金属暴露增加有关。t组织中有机砷的存在表明它们具有生物甲基化无机砷化合物的能力。砷化三甲基氧化砷占可萃取有机砷的大部分，一甲基砷酸和二甲基砷酸的含量较少。我们的发现表明蟾蜍remarkable对极端的类金属暴露具有显着的耐受性，并暗示了介导该耐受性的生理过程。
更新日期：2020-07-07
中文翻译：
在高度污染的湿地中蟾蜍Ta的极高砷和锑摄入量和耐受性。
砷，砷等有害有毒金属的极高浓度对幼虫两栖动物的影响尚不清楚。我们取样了西方蟾蜍t（Anaaxyrusboras）在整个开发过程中都生活在被As和Sb污染的湿地中。尽管the已经完成了变态，但它们却在有生命的脊椎动物中有史以来最高的As和Sb浓度下积累（分别为3866.9 mg / kg； 315.0 mg / kg（干重））。摄入污染的沉积物在类金属积累中比单独的水暴露具有更重要的作用。准金属最初被浓缩在肠道中。然而，通过变态，大多数发现在其他组织中。这些浓度随后随着变态的开始而降低，但仍然相当高。亚致死作用，包括发育迟缓和变态时大小减小，与类金属暴露增加有关。t组织中有机砷的存在表明它们具有生物甲基化无机砷化合物的能力。砷化三甲基氧化砷占可萃取有机砷的大部分，一甲基砷酸和二甲基砷酸的含量较少。我们的发现表明蟾蜍remarkable对极端的类金属暴露具有显着的耐受性，并暗示了介导该耐受性的生理过程。
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