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Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Rec forms a regulatory loop with MITF that opposes the progression of melanoma to an invasive stage
bioRxiv - Genomics Pub Date : 2020-10-19 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.27.120170
Manvendra Singh , Huiqiang Cai , Mario Bunse , Cédric Feschotte , Zsuzsanna Izsvák

The HML2 subfamily of HERV-K (henceforth HERV-K) represents the most recently endogenized retrovirus in the human genome. While the products of certain HERV-K genomic copies are expressed in normal tissues, they are upregulated in a number of pathological conditions, including various tumours. It remains unclear whether HERV-K(HML2)-encoded products overexpressed in cancer contribute to disease progression or are merely by-products of tumorigenesis. Here, we focus on the regulatory activities of the Long Terminal Repeats (LTR5_Hs) of HERV-K and on the potential role of the HERV-K-encoded Rec in melanoma. Our regulatory genomics analysis of LTR5_Hs loci indicates that Melanocyte Inducing Transcription Factor (MITF) binds to a canonical E-box motif (CA(C/T)GTG) within these elements in proliferative type of melanoma, and that depletion of MITF results in reduced HERV-K expression. In turn, experimentally depleting Rec in a proliferative melanoma cell line leads to lower mRNA levels of MITF and its predicted target genes. Furthermore, Rec knockdown leads to an upregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal associated genes and to an enhanced invasion phenotype of proliferative melanoma cells. Together these results suggest the existence of a regulatory loop between MITF and Rec that may modulate the transition from proliferative to invasive stages of melanoma. Because HERV-K(HML2) elements are restricted to hominoid primates, these findings might explain certain species-specific features of melanoma progression and point to some limitations of animal models in melanoma studies.

中文翻译:

人类内源性逆转录病毒K Rec与MITF形成调控环,该环与黑色素瘤向侵袭性阶段的发展相反

HERV-K的HML2亚家族(以下简称HERV-K)代表了人类基因组中最近内源的逆转录病毒。尽管某些HERV-K基因组拷贝的产物在正常组织中表达,但它们在多种病理状况(包括各种肿瘤)中上调。尚不清楚在癌症中过表达的HERV-K(HML2)编码产物是否促成疾病进展或仅仅是肿瘤发生的副产物。在这里,我们专注于HERV-K的长末端重复序列(LTR5_Hs)的调控活性,以及​​HERV-K编码的Rec在黑色素瘤中的潜在作用。我们对LTR5_Hs基因座的调控基因组学分析表明,黑素细胞增生型的这些元素中,黑素细胞诱导转录因子(MITF)与这些元素内的规范E-box基序(CA(C / T)GTG)结合 而MITF的耗尽会导致HERV-K表达降低。反过来,实验上在增殖性黑色素瘤细胞系中消耗Rec会导致MITF及其预测的目标基因的mRNA水平降低。此外,Rec敲低导致上皮到间充质相关基因的上调,并导致增殖性黑素瘤细胞的侵袭表型增强。这些结果共同表明,MITF和Rec之间存在调节环,该调节环可能会调节黑色素瘤从增殖期向浸润期的转变。因为HERV-K(HML2)元素仅限于类人动物的灵长类动物,所以这些发现可能解释了某些黑色素瘤进展的特定物种特征,并指出了黑色素瘤研究中动物模型的某些局限性。实验上在增殖性黑色素瘤细胞系中消耗Rec会导致MITF及其预测靶基因的mRNA水平降低。此外,Rec敲低导致上皮到间充质相关基因的上调,并导致增殖性黑素瘤细胞的侵袭表型增强。这些结果共同表明,MITF和Rec之间存在调节环,该调节环可能会调节黑色素瘤从增殖期向浸润期的转变。因为HERV-K(HML2)元素仅限于类人动物的灵长类动物,所以这些发现可能解释了某些黑色素瘤进展的特定物种特征,并指出了黑色素瘤研究中动物模型的某些局限性。实验上在增殖性黑色素瘤细胞系中消耗Rec会导致MITF及其预测靶基因的mRNA水平降低。此外,Rec敲低导致上皮到间充质相关基因的上调,并导致增殖性黑素瘤细胞的侵袭表型增强。这些结果共同表明,MITF和Rec之间存在调节环,该调节环可能会调节黑色素瘤从增生性阶段向侵袭性阶段的转变。因为HERV-K(HML2)元素仅限于类人动物的灵长类动物,所以这些发现可能解释了某些黑色素瘤进展的特定物种特征,并指出了黑色素瘤研究中动物模型的某些局限性。Rec敲低导致上皮到间充质相关基因的上调并导致增殖性黑素瘤细胞的侵袭表型增强。这些结果共同表明,MITF和Rec之间存在调节环,该调节环可能会调节黑色素瘤从增生期向浸润期的转变。因为HERV-K(HML2)元素仅限于类人动物的灵长类动物,所以这些发现可能解释了某些黑色素瘤进展的特定物种特征,并指出了黑色素瘤研究中动物模型的某些局限性。Rec敲低导致上皮到间充质相关基因的上调并导致增殖性黑素瘤细胞的侵袭表型增强。这些结果共同表明,MITF和Rec之间存在调节环,该调节环可能会调节黑色素瘤从增殖期向浸润期的转变。因为HERV-K(HML2)元素仅限于类人动物的灵长类动物,所以这些发现可能解释了某些黑色素瘤进展的特定物种特征,并指出了黑色素瘤研究中动物模型的某些局限性。
更新日期:2020-10-19
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