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Evidence of significant natural selection in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in bats, not humans.
bioRxiv - Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2020-07-30 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.28.122366
Oscar A. MacLean , Spyros Lytras , Steven Weaver , Joshua B. Singer , Maciej F. Boni , Philippe Lemey , Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond , David L. Robertson

RNA viruses are proficient at switching host species, and evolving adaptations to exploit the new host's cells efficiently. Surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 has apparently required no significant adaptation to humans since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, with no observed selective sweeps since genome sampling began. Here we assess the types of natural selection taking place in Sarbecoviruses in horseshoe bats versus SARS-CoV-2 evolution in humans. While there is moderate evidence of diversifying positive selection in SARS-CoV-2 in humans, it is limited to the early phase of the pandemic, and purifying selection is much weaker in SARS-CoV-2 than in related bat Sarbecoviruses. In contrast, our analysis detects significant positive episodic diversifying selection acting on the bat virus lineage SARS-CoV-2 emerged from, accompanied by an adaptive depletion in CpG composition presumed to be linked to the action of antiviral mechanisms in ancestral hosts. The closest bat virus to SARS-CoV-2, RmYN02 (sharing an ancestor ~1976), is a recombinant with a structure that includes differential CpG content in Spike; clear evidence of coinfection and evolution in bats without involvement of other species. Collectively our results demonstrate the progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 was capable of near immediate human-human transmission as a consequence of its adaptive evolutionary history in bats, not humans.

中文翻译:

蝙蝠而非人类中 SARS-CoV-2 进化过程中显着自然选择的证据。

RNA病毒擅长转换宿主物种,并不断进化适应以有效利用新宿主的细胞。令人惊讶的是,自 COVID-19 大流行开始以来,SARS-CoV-2 显然不需要对人类进行重大适应,自基因组采样开始以来没有观察到选择性扫描。在这里,我们评估了马蹄蝠中的 Sarbecovirus 与人类 SARS-CoV-2 进化中发生的自然选择类型。虽然有适度证据表明人类 SARS-CoV-2 的阳性选择多样化,但仅限于大流行的早期阶段,而且 SARS-CoV-2 的纯化选择比相关的蝙蝠 Sarbecovirus 弱得多。相比之下,我们的分析检测到作用于蝙蝠病毒谱系 SARS-CoV-2 的显着积极的偶发多样化选择,伴随着 CpG 成分的适应性消耗,推测与祖先宿主中抗病毒机制的作用有关。与 SARS-CoV-2 最接近的蝙蝠病毒 RmYN02(共享祖先 ~1976 年)是一种重组体,其结构包括 Spike 中不同的 CpG 含量;在没有其他物种参与的情况下,蝙蝠的共感染和进化的明确证据。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,由于 SARS-CoV-2 在蝙蝠而非人类中的适应性进化历史,SARS-CoV-2 的祖先能够近乎立即地在人与人之间传播。在没有其他物种参与的情况下,蝙蝠的共感染和进化的明确证据。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,由于 SARS-CoV-2 在蝙蝠而非人类中的适应性进化历史,SARS-CoV-2 的祖先能够近乎立即地在人与人之间传播。在没有其他物种参与的情况下,蝙蝠的共感染和进化的明确证据。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,由于 SARS-CoV-2 在蝙蝠而非人类中的适应性进化历史,SARS-CoV-2 的祖先能够近乎立即地在人与人之间传播。
更新日期:2020-07-31
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