Autologous vascular grafts are widely used in revascularization surgeries for small caliber targets. However, the availability of autologous conduits might be limited due to prior surgeries or the quality of vessels. Xenogeneic decellularized vascular grafts from animals potentially substitute for autologous vascular grafts. Decellularization with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is reported to highly preserve extracellular matrix (ECM) which would be feasible for recellularization and vascular remodeling after implantation. In the present study, we conducted xenogeneic implantation of HHP-decellularized bovine vascular grafts from dorsalis pedis arteries to porcine carotid arteries then evaluated graft patency, ECM preservation and recellularization. Surgical procedure not to damage luminal surface of the grafts from drying significantly increased the graft patency at 4 weeks after implantation (P = 0.0079). After the technical improvement, all grafts (N = 5) were patent with mild stenosis due to intimal hyperplasia at 4 weeks after implantation. Neither aneurysmal change nor massive thrombosis was observed even without administration of anticoagulants nor anti-platelet agents. Elastica van Gieson and Sirius-red stainings revealed fair preservation of ECM proteins including elastin and collagen after implantation. Luminal surface of grafts was thoroughly covered with von Willebrand factor-positive endothelium. Scanning electron microscopy on luminal surface of implanted grafts exhibited cobblestone-like endothelial cell layer which is similar to native vascular endothelium. Recellularization of tunica media with alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive smooth muscle cells was partly observed. Thus, we confirmed that HHP-decellularized grafts are feasible for xenogeneic implantation accompanied by recellularization by recipient cells.

中文翻译：

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高静水压法在猪颈动脉介入模型中脱细胞异种血管移植物的体内再细胞化

自体血管移植物广泛用于小口径目标的血运重建手术。然而，由于先前的手术或血管的质量，自体导管的可用性可能受到限制。来自动物的异种脱细胞血管移植物可能替代自体血管移植物。据报道，具有高静水压（HHP）的脱细胞作用可高度保留细胞外基质（ECM），这对于植入后的重新细胞化和血管重塑将是可行的。在本研究中，我们进行了从足背动脉到猪颈动脉的HHP脱细胞牛血管移植物的异种植入，然后评估了移植物的通畅性，ECM保存和再细胞化。不会因干燥而损坏移植物腔表面的外科手术明显增加了植入后4周的移植物通畅性（P = 0.0079）。技术改进后，由于植入后4周内膜增生，所有移植物（N = 5）均具有轻度狭窄。即使不使用抗凝剂或抗血小板药，也未观察到动脉瘤的改变或大量血栓形成。Elastica van Gieson和Sirius-red染色显示植入后ECM蛋白（包括弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白）得到了很好的保存。移植物的腔表面被von Willebrand因子阳性内皮完全覆盖。植入的移植物的腔表面上的扫描电子显微镜显示出类似于天然血管内皮的鹅卵石样内皮细胞层。部分观察到中膜被α-平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性平滑肌细胞再细胞化。因此，我们证实，HHP脱细胞的移植物是可行的异种植入伴随受体细胞的重新细胞化。