Dendritic cells (DCs) are play critical roles in the priming and regulation of immune responses. DCs rapidly process and convey these antigens to prime antigen-specific T cells. Therefore, regulation of DCs functions is important for immunity and immunotherapies. Immune adjuvants for DCs activation are needed to improve the efficacy of vaccines against tumors and many infectious diseases. Therefore, we demonstrate that H. fusiformis extract can regulate DCs maturation and activation. H. fusiformis extract induced costimulatory molecules (CD 80 and CD86), antigen-presenting molecules (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II), CCR7 expression, and interleukin (IL)-12 production in DCs. These effects are associated with upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In addition, H. fusiformis extract induces costimulatory molecules on splenic DCs and activated CD8⁺ T cells in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that H. fusiformis extract may be a potential efficient immune therapeutic compound in DCs-mediated immunotherapies.

Abbreviations

CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocytes; DCs: dendritic cells; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinases; IL: interleukini; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC: major histocompatibility complex

树突状细胞（DC）在引发和调节免疫反应中起关键作用。DC迅速处理这些抗原并将其传递给主要的抗原特异性T细胞。因此，DC功能的调节对于免疫和免疫疗法很重要。需要用于DC激活的免疫佐剂来提高疫苗针对肿瘤和许多传染性疾病的功效。因此，我们证明了梭状芽孢杆菌提取物可以调节DC的成熟和激活。梭状芽胞杆菌提取物诱导共刺激分子（CD 80和CD86），抗原呈递分子（主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）I和II），CCR7表达和白介素（IL）-12在DC中的产生。这些作用与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路的上调有关。此外，梭状芽胞杆菌提取物在体内诱导脾脏DC和活化CD8 ⁺ T细胞上的共刺激分子。综上所述，这些发现表明，梭状芽孢杆菌提取物可能是DCs介导的免疫治疗中潜在的有效免疫治疗化合物。

缩略语

CTL：细胞毒性T淋巴细胞；DC：树突状细胞；ERK：细胞外信号调节激酶；IL：白细胞介素；JNK：c-Jun N-末端激酶；MAPK：促分裂原活化蛋白激酶；MHC：主要组织相容性复合体