Fast increase of fish aquaculture production to meet consumer demands is accompanied by important ecological concerns such as disease outbreaks. Meanwhile, food waste is an important concern with fish products since they are highly perishable. Recent aquaculture and fish product microbiology, and more recently, microbiota research, paved the way to a highly integrated approach to understand complex relationships between host fish, product and their associated microbial communities at health/disease and preservation/spoilage frontiers. Microbial manipulation strategies are increasingly validated as promising tools either to replace or to complement traditional veterinary and preservation methods. In this review, we consider evolutionary forces driving fish microbiota assembly, in particular the changes in the selective context along the production chain. We summarize the current knowledge concerning factors governing assembly and dynamics of fish hosts and food microbial communities. Then, we discuss the current microbial community manipulation strategies from an evolutionary standpoint to provide a perspective on the potential for risks, conflict and opportunities. Finally, we conclude that to harness evolutionary forces in the development of sustainable microbiota manipulation applications in the fish industry, an integrated knowledge of the controlling abiotic and especially biotic factors is required.

中文翻译：

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从鸡蛋到叉子，与鱼类相关的微生物群落的选择性背景不断变化。

为满足消费者需求而快速增加水产养殖产量的同时也伴随着疾病爆发等重要的生态问题。与此同时，食物浪费是鱼产品的一个重要问题，因为它们极易腐烂。最近的水产养殖和鱼产品微生物学，以及最近的微生物群研究，为高度综合的方法铺平了道路，以了解宿主鱼、产品及其相关微生物群落在健康/疾病和保存/腐败前沿之间的复杂关系。微生物操作策略越来越被证实是替代或补充传统兽医和保存方法的有前途的工具。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了驱动鱼类微生物群组装的进化力量，特别是生产链中选择性背景的变化。我们总结了有关鱼类宿主和食物微生物群落的组装和动态控制因素的当前知识。然后，我们从进化的角度讨论当前的微生物群落操纵策略，以提供潜在风险、冲突和机遇的视角。最后，我们得出的结论是，为了利用进化力量开发渔业中可持续的微生物群操纵应用，需要对控制非生物因素，特别是生物因素的综合知识。