Observations and simulations have shown that the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in the climate and weather of East Asia. Uncertainties in reanalysis data sets have been documented by comparing them with independent rawinsonde data, but the impacts of incorporating this data into a reanalysis data set on the dynamical and thermodynamical features over the TP have not been assessed. Observations from the recent Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment (TIPEX‐III) can be used to evaluate the Eastern TP ERA‐Interim reanalysis data set (ERA). In this study, the Barnes objective analysis scheme is used to incorporate the rawinsonde data into the ERA to acquire the gridded data (OBJ) for examining heat and moisture budgets. It is shown that the OBJ budget‐estimated rainfall intensity is better correlated with the observations than the ERA budget‐estimated rainfall intensity. The ERA overestimates weak rainfall but underestimates heavy rainfall. The incorporation of special rawinsonde into the OBJ impacts the dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics both spatially and temporally. The downward motion and cooling are enhanced over the rainless regions/periods, while the upward motion and heating are enhanced over the rainy regions/periods. The rawinsonde effect is stronger with the increasing rainfall intensity. The differences of spatial distributions and temporal variations in heating between the OBJ and ERA are primarily determined by the vertical advection terms in heat and moisture budgets. The OBJ‐derived large‐scale forcing is essential for cloud‐resolving model simulations of TP cloud systems. The above conclusions can also be applied to the ERA5.

中文翻译：

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TIPEX-III Rawinsondes对北方夏季青藏高原东部动力学和热力学的影响

观测和模拟表明，青藏高原（TP）在东亚的气候和天气中起着重要作用。通过将它们与独立的Rawinsonde数据进行比较，已记录了重新分析数据集的不确定性，但尚未评估将数据合并到重新分析数据集中对TP动力学和热力学特征的影响。最近的第三次青藏高原大气科学实验（TIPEX-III）的观测值可用于评估东部TP ERA-中期再分析数据集（ERA）。在这项研究中，使用Barnes客观分析方案将Rawinsonde数据合并到ERA中，以获取用于检查热量和水分预算的网格数据（OBJ）。结果表明，与ERA预算估算的降雨强度相比，OBJ预算估算的降雨强度与观测值的相关性更好。ERA高估了弱降雨，但低估了强降雨。在OBJ中加入特殊的生丁探空仪会在空间和时间上影响动力学和热力学特征。在无雨区域/期间，向下运动和冷却增强，而在多雨区域/期间，向上运动和加热增强。随着降雨强度的增加，rawinsonde效应更强。OBJ和ERA之间加热的空间分布和时间变化的差异主要由热量和水分预算中的垂直对流项确定。OBJ衍生的大规模强迫对于TP云系统的云解析模型仿真至关重要。以上结论也可以应用于ERA5。