Vaccines need to be rationally designed in order be delivered to the immune system for maximizing induction of dynamic immune responses. Virus‐like particles (VLPs) are ideal platforms for such 3D vaccines, as they allow the display of complex and native antigens in a highly repetitive form on their surface and can easily reach lymphoid organs in intact form for optimal activation of B and T cells. Adjusting size and zeta potential may allow investigators to further fine‐tune delivery to lymphoid organs. An additional way to alter vaccine transfer to lymph nodes and spleen may be the formulation with micron‐sized adjuvants that creates a local depot and results in a slow release of antigen and adjuvant. Ideally, the adjuvant in addition stimulates the innate immune system. The dynamics of the immune response may be further enhanced by inclusion of Toll‐like receptor ligands, which many VLPs naturally package. Hence, considering the 3Ds in vaccine development may allow for enhancement of their attributes to tackle complex diseases, not usually amenable to conventional vaccine strategies.

中文翻译：

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基于病毒样粒子的疫苗中的 3D：“设计、交付和动力学”。

需要合理设计疫苗，以便递送至免疫系统以最大限度地诱导动态免疫反应。病毒样颗粒 (VLP) 是此类 3D 疫苗的理想平台，因为它们允许在其表面以高度重复的形式展示复杂和天然抗原，并且可以轻松地以完整形式到达淋巴器官，以优化 B 和 T 细胞的激活. 调整大小和 zeta 电位可能允许研究人员进一步微调淋巴器官的递送。改变疫苗向淋巴结和脾脏转移的另一种方法可能是与微米大小的佐剂一起配制，该佐剂可产生局部贮库并导致抗原和佐剂的缓慢释放。理想情况下，佐剂还刺激先天免疫系统。通过包含许多 VLP 自然包装的 Toll 样受体配体，可以进一步增强免疫反应的动力学。因此，