The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, poses a significant threat to hen health and poultry husbandry. D. gallinae has typically been controlled using synthetic acaricides, like pyrethroids, but increased resistance to pyrethroids has been found in poultry red mite populations worldwide. Pyrethroids resistance in arthropods has been associated to cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), a main member of a group of detoxification enzymes. To explore the potential contribution of P450s to the resistance to pyrethroids in D. gallinae, we first identified and then characterized four P450s genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four P450s genes in D. gallinae belong to three different clades, with two in the CYP-6, one in the CYP-4 and one in the CYP-2. All four P450s genes were expressed in a similar pattern in D. gallinae at different stages of development, and showed high expression in the adult stage, indicating that they played a role in mite development. Simultaneously, constitutive over-expression of Deg-CYP-3, a clade associated with pesticide metabolism, was detected in a resistant strain (RS) compared with a susceptible strain (SS). When exposed to beta-cypermethrin, the four P450s gene transcripts in the RS strain increased in a time-dependent manner. In particular, Deg-CYP-3 expression increased 5-fold compared to gene expression in control group at 12 h, although the four P450s genes were not induced in the SS strain. Our results show the first insights into the molecular characteristics of P450s genes in D. gallinae. The elevated presence of P450s genes in the RS strain, indicated by their constitutive over-expression and their inducible expression, suggests that they confer resistance to beta-cypermethrin, and are involved in its detoxification.

家禽红螨Dermanyssus gallinae对母鸡的健康和家禽饲养业构成了重大威胁。D. gallinae通常使用合成杀螨剂（如拟除虫菊酯）来控制，但在全世界的家禽红螨种群中发现了对拟除虫菊酯的抗性增强。节肢动物中对拟除虫菊酯类药物的抗性与细胞色素P450单加氧酶（P450s）相关，后者是一组解毒酶的主要成员。为了探索P450s对D. gallinae的拟除虫菊酯抗性的潜在贡献，我们首先鉴定并鉴定了四个P450s基因。系统发育分析表明，D。gallinae中的四个P450s基因属于三个不同的进化枝，其中两个在CYP-6中，一个在CYP-4中，一个在CYP-2中。所有四个P450s基因在发育的不同阶段均以相似的模式在鸡毛线虫中表达，并在成年期显示出高表达，表明它们在螨的发育中起作用。同时，与易感菌株（SS）相比，在抗性菌株（RS）中检测到与农药代谢相关的进化枝Deg -CYP-3的组成型过表达。当暴露于β-氯氰菊酯时，RS菌株中的四个P450s基因转录物以时间依赖性方式增加。特别是Deg尽管在SS菌株中未诱导四个P450s基因，但是-CYP-3表达与对照组在12 h的基因表达相比增加了5倍。我们的研究结果显示了对D. gallinae中P450s基因分子特征的初步认识。RS菌株中P450s基因的组成型过表达和诱导型表达表明P450s基因的存在增加，表明它们赋予了对β-氯氰菊酯的抗性，并参与其解毒。