A multitude of studies investigating the effects of stress on cognition has produced an inconsistent picture on whether - and under which conditions - stress has advantageous or disadvantageous effects on executive functions (EF).

This review provides a short introduction to the concept of stress and its neurobiology, before discussing the need to consider moderating factors in the association between stress and EF. Three core domains are described and discussed in relation to the interplay between stress and cognition: the influence of different paradigms on physiological stress reactivity, individual differences in demographic and biological factors, and task-related features of cognitive tasks. Although some moderating variables such as the endocrine stress response have frequently been considered in single studies, no attempt of a holistic overview has been made so far. Therefore, we propose a more nuanced and systematic framework to study the effects of stress on executive functioning, comprising a holistic overview from the induction of stress, via biological mechanisms and interactions with individual differences, to the influence of stress on cognitive performance.

有关压力对认知的影响的大量研究表明，在压力对执行功能（EF）有有利还是不利影响方面，情况并不一致。

在讨论需要考虑在压力和EF之间的关联中的调节因素之前，本综述简要介绍了压力的概念及其神经生物学。与压力和认知之间的相互作用有关的三个核心领域得到了描述和讨论：不同范式对生理压力反应性的影响，人口统计学和生物学因素的个体差异以及与认知任务相关的任务特征。尽管在单个研究中经常考虑某些缓和变量，例如内分泌应激反应，但到目前为止，还没有尝试进行整体综述。因此，我们提出了一个更细致和系统的框架来研究压力对执行功能的影响，包括从压力的诱导，