Abstract Safety is an important dimension of access to green space. When parks are perceived as unsafe, people are unlikely to derive the health and community benefits from them. In this study, we examine inequities in green space access in five medium-to-large US cities using parcel-level, network-based analysis. We quantify access using three measures: proximity, congestion-weighted acreage, and crime-constrained proximity. We find that, in the five US cities studied, there is a striking lack of access to safe parks. In addition, inequalities between socioeconomic subgroups are substantially exacerbated when considering access to safe parks, with racial/ethnic minorities and low-income communities fairly consistently worse off. The results suggest that interventions to improve park safety could result in large and immediate improvements for access and environmental justice. However, even once these inequalities are addressed, there remains significant work to provide all residents with sufficient and proximal access to green space and the wide array of benefits that it has to offer.

中文翻译：

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公园与安全：美国五个城市绿地准入与不平等的比较研究

摘要 安全是获得绿色空间的一个重要维度。当公园被认为不安全时，人们不太可能从中获得健康和社区利益。在这项研究中，我们使用基于地块级别的网络分析来检查美国五个大中城市在绿地使用方面的不平等。我们使用三种度量来量化访问：邻近度、拥堵加权面积和犯罪约束邻近度。我们发现，在所研究的五个美国城市中，安全公园严重缺乏。此外，在考虑进入安全公园时，社会经济子群体之间的不平等会大大加剧，种族/族裔少数群体和低收入社区的情况一直在恶化。结果表明，改善公园安全的干预措施可能会导致进入和环境正义的巨大和直接改善。然而，即使解决了这些不平等问题，仍需开展大量工作，为所有居民提供充足且便捷的绿色空间及其必须提供的广泛利益。