MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short noncoding RNAs that regulate the translation of target messenger RNA (mRNA) and consequently participate in a variety of biological processes at the posttranscriptional level. miR-155, encoded within a region known as the B cell integration cluster (BIC), plays multifunctional roles in shaping lymphocytes ranging from biological development to adaptive immunity. It has been revealed that miR-155 plays a key role in fine-tuning the regulation of lymphocyte subsets, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, B cells, and CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells. Antigen-specific CD4⁺ T lymphocytes are critical for host defense against pathogens and prevention of damage resulting from excessive inflammation. Over the past years, various studies have shown that miR-155 plays a critical role in CD4⁺ T cells function. Therefore, we summarize multiple target genes of miR-155 that regulate aspects of CD4⁺ T cells immunity, particularly CD4⁺ T cells differentiation, in this review. In addition, we also focus on the role of miR-155 in the regulation of immunological diseases, suggesting it as a potential disease biomarker and therapeutic target.

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类短的非编码RNA，它们调节目标信使RNA（mRNA）的翻译并因此在转录后水平上参与各种生物学过程。在称为B细胞整合簇（BIC）的区域内编码的miR-155在塑造淋巴细胞的过程中发挥着多功能作用，从生物学发展到适应性免疫。现已发现，miR-155在微调淋巴细胞亚群（包括树突状细胞（DC），巨噬细胞，B细胞以及CD8 ⁺和CD4 ⁺ T细胞）的调节中起关键作用。抗原特异性CD4 ⁺T淋巴细胞对于宿主抵抗病原体和预防过度发炎造成的损害至关重要。在过去的几年中，各种研究表明miR-155在CD4 ⁺ T细胞功能中起关键作用。因此，在本综述中，我们总结了miR-155的多个靶基因，它们调节CD4 ⁺ T细胞免疫力，尤其是CD4 ⁺ T细胞分化的方面。此外，我们还关注miR-155在调节免疫疾病中的作用，表明它是潜在的疾病生物标志物和治疗靶标。