Abstract The surface radiation budget is of crucial importance to ecosystem evolution but varies with complex atmospheric and surface conditions. Vegetation change alters the surface thermal properties and the subsequent radiation budget; however, the vegetation contribution is difficult to isolate from mixed influences. Based on satellite observations, we apply a novel trajectory-based approach to detect the impact of vegetation change on the global surface radiation variation in recent decades (2001–2016). Satellite data on radiation and vegetation available from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments are adopted for this investigation. Methodologically, the surface net radiation (Rn) in the nonchanged vegetation trajectory represents the synthetic result of atmospheric influences and serves as a reference for isolating Rn variations due to vegetation change. The results demonstrate that the multiyear mean of global Rn is 71.57 W·m−2 with an increasing trend of 0.053 W·m−2·yr−1. Vegetation change contributes an additional 0.047 W·m−2·yr−1 of radiation in greening regions, accounting for 53.36% of the total increase in Rn. Spatially, the contribution of vegetation presents significant variability, with positive contributions located mainly in western Europe and southern Africa and negative contributions located mainly in parts of Asia and eastern Australia. Physically, the influence of vegetation change on the surface radiation budget originates from its alteration of albedo and emissivity, particularly the former. Specifically, a 1% increase in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is expected to reduce albedo by −0.003 and increase surface net shortwave radiation by 0.86 W·m−2. It can be concluded that the change in albedo by vegetation change has a nonnegligible influence on the surface radiation budget in different regions. These results help capture the physical mechanism responsible for the evolution of Earth's radiation and support environmental management.

中文翻译：

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植被变化对地表辐射收支的贡献：卫星视角

摘要 地表辐射收支对生态系统演化至关重要，但随复杂的大气和地表条件而变化。植被变化改变了地表热特性和随后的辐射收支；然而，植被的贡献很难从混合影响中分离出来。基于卫星观测，我们应用一种新的基于轨迹的方法来检测近几十年来（2001-2016 年）植被变化对全球地表辐射变化的影响。本次调查采用了来自云和地球辐射能系统 (CERES) 和中分辨率成像光谱仪 (MODIS) 仪器的辐射和植被卫星数据。在方法论上，未变化植被轨迹中的地表净辐射（Rn）代表大气影响的综合结果，可作为隔离植被变化引起的Rn变化的参考。结果表明，全球Rn多年平均值为71.57 W·m-2，且呈0.053 W·m-2·yr-1增加趋势。植被变化对绿化区域的辐射贡献了 0.047 W·m-2·yr-1，占 Rn 总增加量的 53.36%。在空间上，植被的贡献呈现出显着的变异性，正贡献主要位于西欧和非洲南部，负贡献主要位于亚洲部分地区和澳大利亚东部。在物理上，植被变化对地表辐射收支的影响源于其反照率和发射率的改变，特别是前者。具体而言，归一化差异植被指数 (NDVI) 增加 1% 预计会使反照率降低 -0.003，并使地表净短波辐射增加 0.86 W·m-2。可以得出结论，植被变化引起的反照率变化对不同区域地表辐射收支的影响不可忽略。这些结果有助于捕捉负责地球辐射演化的物理机制并支持环境管理。