OBJECTIVE To identify different microbial species in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and reveal a possible relationship between gut dysbiosis and pathological changes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Academic institution. PATIENT(S) Reproductive-aged women with PCOS (n = 14) and controls (n = 14) from the Centre for Reproductive Medicine. INTERVENTION(S) Shotgun metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples from patients, and clinical parameters (including body mass index, endocrine hormone levels, and glycemia level) gathered for correlation analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Identification of different gut microbial strains and relativity between microbiota and clinical parameters. RESULT(S) We found several microbial strains were statistically significantly more abundant in the PCOS group, including Parabacteroides merdae, Bacteroides fragilis, and strains of Escherichia and Shigella, whereas Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was enriched in the control group. Metagenomic species (MGS) analysis revealed that the microbes of the PCOS group were negatively correlated with those of the control group. Of note, we observed a positive correlation between MGS relevant to PCOS and endocrine disorders, including body mass index and elevated levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and antimüllerian hormone. Functional alterations, reflected by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthologues, could imply potential mechanisms of microbial involvement in the developmental progress of PCOS. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings suggest an intimate association and potential mechanisms linking microbial dysbiosis and the pathophysiologic changes of PCOS. We address the importance of monitoring and modulating microbial composition and functional shifts in future clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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宏基因组分析确定了肠道微生物群与多囊卵巢综合征之间的微生物组改变和病理关联

目的 鉴定多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS) 女性的不同微生物种类，并揭示肠道菌群失调与病理变化之间的可能关系。设计横断面研究。设置学术机构。PATIENT(S) 来自生殖医学中心的患有 PCOS 的生殖年龄女性 (n = 14) 和对照组 (n = 14)。干预措施 对患者粪便样本进行 Shotgun 宏基因组测序，收集临床参数（包括体重指数、内分泌激素水平和血糖水平）以进行相关分析。主要观察指标 不同肠道微生物菌株的鉴定以及微生物群与临床参数之间的相关性。结果我们发现 PCOS 组中的几种微生物菌株在统计学上显着更丰富，包括 Parabacteroides merdae，脆弱拟杆菌、埃希氏菌和志贺氏菌菌株，而普拉梭菌则在对照组中富集。宏基因组物种（MGS）分析显示，PCOS组的微生物与对照组的微生物呈负相关。值得注意的是，我们观察到与 PCOS 相关的 MGS 与内分泌疾病（包括体重指数和血清睾酮、促黄体激素和抗苗勒管激素水平升高）之间呈正相关。京都基因和基因组直系同源物所反映的功能改变可能暗示微生物参与 PCOS 发育进程的潜在机制。结论（S）我们的研究结果表明微生物生态失调与 PCOS 的病理生理变化之间存在密切关联和潜在机制。