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Sediment transport in a restored, river-influenced Pacific Northwest estuary
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106869
Daniel J. Nowacki , Eric E. Grossman

Predicting the success of future investments in coastal and estuarine ecosystem restorations is limited by scarce data quantifying sediment budgets and transport processes of prior restorations. This study provides detailed analyses of the hydrodynamics and sediment fluxes of a recently restored U.S. Pacific Northwest estuary, a 61 ha former agricultural area near the mouth of the Stillaguamish River in Washington, USA. Water level, flow velocity, and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) were measured between 21 March 2014 and 1 June 2015 at breaches excavated in the former flood-protection levee to determine transport patterns and the net sediment budget of the restoration area. SSC within the restoration area was primarily controlled by SSC variability of the nearby main stem Stillaguamish, but coastal processes also played a major role in sediment delivery. Fluvial sediment loading was dominated by runoff events associated with rainfall that lasted hours to a few days. Additionally, the 22 March 2014 SR 530 (Oso) landslide elevated sediment supply to the restoration area and coastal region for several weeks, indicating the importance of distal geomorphic events to coastal sediment budgets in small mountainous river systems. Sediment fluxes were controlled by river SSC and tidal dynamics, which set the quantity of water transported into the restoration area. Peak water discharge at the restoration area was about 12% of the river discharge, and peak sediment flux at the restoration area was about 5% of the river sediment discharge, although net sediment import was <1% of the total river load. Although sediment was imported to the restoration area, and inferred rates of accretion appear sufficient to keep pace with present rates of local sea-level rise, full recovery is challenged by significant lost grade from historical subsidence and will likely take decades to centuries. These results have implications for estuary restoration planning globally and indicate the importance of understanding coupled fluvial–coastal processes.



中文翻译:

恢复的,受河流影响的西北太平洋河口的泥沙运输

预测海岸带和河口生态系统恢复的未来投资是否成功的原因是数据有限,无法量化沉积物预算和先前恢复的运输过程。这项研究提供了对最近恢复的美国太平洋西北部河口的水动力和泥沙通量的详细分析,该河口是美国华盛顿斯蒂拉瓜米什河口附近一个61公顷的农业区。在2014年3月21日至2015年6月1日期间,对前防洪堤中开挖的裂隙进行水位,流速和悬浮沉积物浓度(SSC)的测量,以确定运输方式和恢复区的净沉积物预算。恢复区内的SSC主要受附近主茎Stillaguamish的SSC变异性控制,但是沿海过程在泥沙输送中也起着重要作用。河流沉积物的装载量主要与径流事件有关,径流事件与持续数小时至数天的降雨有关。此外,2014年3月22日SR 530(Oso)滑坡增加了对恢复区和沿海地区的沉积物供应,持续了数周,这表明在山区山区河流中,远端地貌事件对沿海沉积物预算的重要性。沉积物通量受河流南南合作和潮汐动力学控制,从而设定了输送到修复区的水量。尽管净沉积物进口为,但恢复区的峰值水流量约为河流流量的12%,恢复区的峰值泥沙流量约为河流流量的5%。河流沉积物的装载量主要与径流事件有关,径流事件与持续数小时至数天的降雨有关。此外,2014年3月22日SR 530(Oso)滑坡增加了对恢复区和沿海地区的沉积物供应,持续了数周,这表明在山区山区河流中,远端地貌事件对沿海沉积物预算的重要性。沉积物通量受河流南南合作和潮汐动力学控制,从而设定了输送到修复区的水量。尽管净沉积物进口为,但恢复区的峰值水流量约为河流流量的12%,恢复区的峰值泥沙流量约为河流流量的5%。河流沉积物的装载量主要与径流事件有关,径流事件与持续数小时至数天的降雨有关。此外,2014年3月22日SR 530(Oso)滑坡增加了对恢复区和沿海地区的沉积物供应,持续了数周,这表明在山区山区河流中,远端地貌事件对沿海沉积物预算的重要性。沉积物通量受河流南南合作和潮汐动力学控制,这决定了输往修复区的水量。尽管净沉积物进口为,但恢复区的峰值水流量约为河流流量的12%,恢复区的峰值泥沙流量约为河流流量的5%。2014年3月22日,SR 530(Oso)滑坡增加了对恢复区和沿海地区的沉积物供应,持续了数周,这表明在山区山区河流中,远端地貌事件对沿海沉积物预算的重要性。沉积物通量受河流南南合作和潮汐动力学控制,这决定了输往修复区的水量。尽管净沉积物进口为,但恢复区的峰值水流量约为河流流量的12%,恢复区的峰值泥沙流量约为河流流量的5%。2014年3月22日,SR 530(Oso)滑坡增加了对恢复区和沿海地区的沉积物供应,持续了数周,这表明在山区山区河流中,远端地貌事件对沿海沉积物预算的重要性。沉积物通量受河流南南合作和潮汐动力学控制,从而设定了输送到修复区的水量。尽管净沉积物进口为,但恢复区的峰值水流量约为河流流量的12%,恢复区的峰值泥沙流量约为河流流量的5%。设定输送到修复区的水量。尽管净沉积物进口为,但恢复区的峰值水流量约为河流流量的12%,恢复区的峰值泥沙流量约为河流流量的5%。设定输送到修复区的水量。尽管净沉积物进口为,但恢复区的峰值水流量约为河流流量的12%,恢复区的峰值泥沙流量约为河流流量的5%。<河流总负荷的1%。尽管沉积物被进口到恢复区,并且推断的增生速度似乎足以与当前当地海平面上升速度保持同步,但完全的恢复受到历史沉降造成的严重损失等级的挑战,可能需要数十年至几个世纪的时间。这些结果对全球的河口恢复规划具有影响,并表明了理解河岸-海岸耦合过程的重要性。

更新日期:2020-05-30
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