Pharmaceutical drugs are among the most used chemicals, for human and veterinary medicines, aquaculture and agriculture. Pharmaceuticals are biologically active molecules, having also environmental persistence, thereby exerting biological effects on non-target species. Among the most used pharmaceuticals, one may find salicylic acid (SA), a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetazolamide (ACZ), a diuretic drug that acts by inhibiting the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA). In this work, single and combined effects of SA and ACZ were assessed in the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba L., focusing on physiological parameters, namely photosynthetic pigments, (chlorophyll a, b and total (Chl a, b and TChl) as well as carotenoids (Car)). In addition, chemical biomarkers, namely, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), catalase (CAT) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities, were also determined. The highest concentrations of ACZ, caused a decrease in the contents of all chlorophylls; this effect was however reverted by SA exposure. Both ACZ and SA levels caused a decrease in CA activity. Nevertheless, when in combination, this inhibition was not observed in plants exposed to the lowest concentration of these drugs. In conclusion, both pharmaceuticals have the capacity to cause alterations in L. gibba enzymatic activity and photosynthetic pigments content. Additionally, SA seems to exert a protective effect on this species against deleterious effects caused by ACZ.

药用药物是最常用的化学药品，用于人类和兽药，水产养殖和农业。药物是生物活性分子，也具有环境持久性，从而对非目标物种产生生物学影响。在最常用的药物中，可能会发现水杨酸（SA），一种非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDs）和一种乙酰唑胺（ACZ）（一种利尿药，通过抑制碳酸酐酶（CA）的活性发挥作用）。在这项工作中，评估了水生植物Lemna gibba L.中SA和ACZ的单一和联合作用，重点是生理参数，即光合色素（叶绿素a）。，b和总数（Chl a，b和T​​Chl）以及类胡萝卜素（Car））。此外，还确定了化学生物标记物，即谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST），过氧化氢酶（CAT）和碳酸酐酶（CA）活性。最高浓度的ACZ导致所有叶绿素含量的减少；但是，暴露于SA可以恢复这种效果。ACZ和SA含量均导致CA活性降低。然而，当组合使用时，在暴露于这些药物最低浓度的植物中未观察到这种抑制作用。总之，两种药物均具有引起吉氏乳杆菌酶活性和光合色素含量变化的能力。另外，SA似乎对该物种具有保护作用，以抵抗由ACZ引起的有害作用。