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Water policy and mining: Mainstreaming in international guidelines and certification schemes
Environmental Science & Policy ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.04.011
Mirja Schoderer , Jampel Dell’Angelo , Dave Huitema

Abstract This paper investigates how different dimensions of water – water as a public health concern, as an essential prerequisite for producing livelihoods, and as a cultural heritage or an element of spiritual practice – are taken up in international guidelines and certification schemes for the extractive sector. As a notoriously water-intensive economic activity, mining frequently infringes on other forms of water use. Simultaneously, the legal articulations and governance implications of the hydrological aspects of mining are complex, as commercial interactions associated with mining span the globe, governance efforts occur primarily at the national level and negative externalities manifest locally. Increasingly, transnational initiatives play a role in setting rules and norms for ‘responsible’ or ‘sustainable’ mining. We assess to what extent these rules and norms take into account the hydrological implications of mining, looking at eight guideline documents and ten certification schemes for mineral extraction that originate from international organizations, corporate groups, or multi-stakeholder initiatives. We then illustrate the influence of transnational institutions in two cases, one in Mongolia and one in South Africa. Our results show that water as a public health concern receives the most attention while water as a cultural heritage is reflected the least. However, all institutions in our sample that were devised over the last two years refer to the different dimensions of water use comprehensively.

中文翻译:

水政策和采矿:国际准则和认证计划的主流化

摘要 本文探讨了水的不同维度——水作为公共卫生问题、作为生产生计的必要先决条件以及作为文化遗产或精神实践的要素——如何在国际指导方针和采掘业认证计划中得到考虑。 . 作为众所周知的用水密集型经济活动,采矿经常侵犯其他形式的用水。同时,采矿水文方面的法律表述和治理影响是复杂的,因为与采矿相关的商业互动遍布全球,治理工作主要发生在国家层面,而负面的外部性则在当地表现出来。跨国倡议越来越多地在制定“负责任”或“可持续”采矿的规则和规范方面发挥作用。我们评估这些规则和规范在多大程度上考虑了采矿的水文影响,查看了源自国际组织、企业集团或多方利益相关者倡议的 8 份指导文件和 10 份矿产开采认证计划。然后我们通过两个案例来说明跨国机构的影响,一个在蒙古,一个在南非。我们的研究结果表明,作为公共健康问题的水受到的关注最多,而作为文化遗产的水受到的关注最少。然而,我们样本中过去两年设计的所有机构都综合地提到了用水的不同维度。查看源自国际组织、企业集团或多方利益相关者倡议的八项指导文件和十项矿产开采认证计划。然后我们通过两个案例来说明跨国机构的影响,一个在蒙古,一个在南非。我们的研究结果表明,作为公共健康问题的水受到的关注最多,而作为文化遗产的水受到的关注最少。然而,我们样本中过去两年设计的所有机构都综合地提到了用水的不同维度。查看源自国际组织、企业集团或多方利益相关者倡议的八项指导文件和十项矿产开采认证计划。然后我们通过两个案例来说明跨国机构的影响,一个在蒙古,一个在南非。我们的研究结果表明,作为公共健康问题的水受到的关注最多,而作为文化遗产的水受到的关注最少。然而,我们样本中过去两年设计的所有机构都综合地提到了用水的不同维度。我们的研究结果表明,作为公共健康问题的水受到的关注最多,而作为文化遗产的水受到的关注最少。然而,我们样本中过去两年设计的所有机构都综合地提到了用水的不同维度。我们的研究结果表明,作为公共健康问题的水受到的关注最多,而作为文化遗产的水受到的关注最少。然而,我们样本中过去两年设计的所有机构都综合地提到了用水的不同维度。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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