A new cellular automata traffic model based on the revised S-NFS model was established to consider a mixed flow of automated and human-driven vehicles assuming a multi-lane system. The model further classified automated vehicles into two categories: (1) vehicles with adaptive cruise control and (2) those with cooperative adaptive cruise control that supports so-called platoon driving. A vehicle that favors maximizing individual payoff, which ensures minimizing its own travel time, while maximizing global traffic flux was expected as the entire society. Intensive simulations, wherein automated and human-driven vehicles were presumed as cooperative (C) and defective (D) strategies, respectively, revealed that a D-strategy is always better than a C-strategy to maximize individual payoff as long as a smaller cooperative fraction is imposed. Meanwhile, social optimal could be realized by a situation comprising only automated vehicles. Such a stag-hunt social dilemma implied that an automated vehicle control system (AVCS) cannot permeate into a population of human-driven vehicles if the dissemination stage starts from a single vehicle with an AVCS.

建立了一个基于修正的S-NFS模型的新的蜂窝自动机交通模型，以考虑采用多车道系统的自动和人力驱动车辆的混合流。该模型进一步将自动驾驶汽车分为两类：（1）具有自适应巡航控制系统的车辆和（2）具有支持所谓排驾驶的协同自适应巡航控制系统的车辆。整个社会都希望有这样一种车辆：它希望最大限度地提高个人收益，从而确保最大限度地减少自己的出行时间，同时又使全球交通流量最大化。密集模拟（其中自动和人力驱动的车辆分别被假定为合作（C）和有缺陷（D）策略）显示，只要合作社规模较小，D策略总是比C策略更好，以最大程度地提高个人收益分数。与此同时，社会最优可以通过仅包括自动车辆的情况来实现。这种棘手的社会困境意味着，如果传播阶段从具有AVCS的单个车辆开始，则自动车辆控制系统（AVCS）不会渗透到人类驾驶的车辆中。