Abstract The role of personalized ventilation (PV) in protecting against airborne disease transmission between occupants was evaluated by considering two scenarios with different PV alignments. The possibility that PV may facilitate the transport of exhaled pathogens was explored by performing experiments with droplets and applying PV to a source or/and a target manikin. The risk of direct and indirect exposure to droplets in the inhalation zone of the target was estimated, with these exposure types defined according to their different origins. The infection risk of influenza A, a typical disease transmitted via air, was predicted based on a dose-response model. Results showed that the flow interactions between PV and the infectious exhaled flow would facilitate airborne transmission between occupants in two ways. First, application of PV to the source caused more than 90% of indirect exposure of the target. Second, entrainment of the PV jet directly from the infectious exhalation increased direct exposure of the target by more than 50%. Thus, these scenarios for different PV application modes indicated that continuous exposure to exhaled influenza A virus particles for 2 h would correspond with an infection probability ranging from 0.28 to 0.85. These results imply that PV may protect against infection only when it is maintained with a high ventilation efficiency at the inhalation zone, which can be realized by reduced entrainment of infectious flow and higher clean air volume. Improved PV design methods that could maximize the positive effects of PV on disease control in the human microenvironment are discussed.

中文翻译：

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个性化通风干预措施对空气传播感染风险和乘员之间传播的影响


摘要 通过考虑具有不同 PV 排列的两种场景，评估了个性化通风 (PV) 在防止乘员之间空气传播疾病传播方面的作用。通过使用液滴进行实验并将PV应用于源或/和目标人体模型，探索了PV可能促进呼出病原体运输的可能性。评估了目标吸入区直接和间接暴露于液滴的风险，并根据不同来源定义了这些暴露类型。甲型流感是一种典型的空气传播疾病，其感染风险是基于剂量反应模型进行预测的。结果表明，PV 和传染性呼出气流之间的气流相互作用将通过两种方式促进乘员之间的空气传播。首先，将PV应用于光源造成90%以上的目标间接曝光。其次，直接从传染性呼气中夹带的 PV 射流使目标的直接暴露增加了 50% 以上。因此，不同PV应用模式的这些场景表明，连续暴露于呼出的甲型流感病毒颗粒2小时对应的感染概率为0.28至0.85。这些结果表明，只有在吸入区保持高通风效率时，PV 才能防止感染，这可以通过减少传染性气流的夹带和更高的清洁空气量来实现。讨论了改进的光伏设计方法，可以最大限度地发挥光伏对人类微环境疾病控制的积极影响。