Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative pathological process that causes memory loss and cognitive impairment. One of the pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease is the amyloid-β protein aggregation on the brain. The regular practice of physical exercise is a consolidated strategy on the prevention of cognitive deficits; however, little is known about the effects of acute exercise on memory. We hypothesize that one physical exercise session could act as a modulator of learning. Here we investigated the effects of one single session of running (aerobic) or strength (anaerobic) exercise on memory deficits related to neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-β. Male Wistar rats were submitted to stereotaxic surgery to intrahippocampal infusion of amyloid-β protein or saline (control). Ten days after the surgery the rats were submitted to the object recognition (OR) memory task. Immediately after the OR learning session, some rats were submitted to one treadmill running or strength exercise session. Then, the animals were submitted to memory tests 24 h, 7, and 14 days after the OR learning. We demonstrated that one physical exercise session, both aerobic as anaerobic, performed after learning improves learning and memory, promoting memory persistence in control rats and memory consolidation in rats submitted to amyloid-β neurotoxicity model. Notably, the effects of the aerobic exercise session seem to be more prominent, since they also reflect in an improvement of object discrimination index for 7 days in control animals. We verified that the mechanisms involved in the effects of aerobic exercise include the dopaminergic system activation. The mechanisms involved in the anaerobic exercise effects seem to be others since no alterations on hippocampal dopamine or noradrenaline levels were detected.

阿尔茨海默病是一种进行性神经退行性病理过程，会导致记忆力减退和认知障碍。阿尔茨海默病的病理特征之一是大脑上的淀粉样β蛋白聚集。定期进行体育锻炼是预防认知缺陷的综合策略；然而，关于急性运动对记忆力的影响知之甚少。我们假设一次体育锻炼可以作为学习的调节器。在这里，我们研究了单次跑步（有氧）或力量（无氧）运动对与淀粉样蛋白 β 诱导的神经毒性相关的记忆缺陷的影响。将雄性 Wistar 大鼠进行立体定向手术以进行海马内注射淀粉样蛋白 β 蛋白或盐水（对照）。手术后 10 天，大鼠接受对象识别 (OR) 记忆任务。在 OR 学习课程之后，立即将一些大鼠提交给跑步机跑步或力量锻炼课程。然后，在 OR 学习后 24 小时、7 和 14 天对动物进行记忆测试。我们证明了在学习后进行的一次有氧和无氧体育锻炼可以改善学习和记忆，促进对照大鼠的记忆持久性和淀粉样蛋白 β 神经毒性模型大鼠的记忆巩固。值得注意的是，有氧运动的效果似乎更为突出，因为它们也反映在对照动物 7 天的物体辨别指数的提高上。我们证实有氧运动的影响所涉及的机制包括多巴胺能系统的激活。由于未检测到海马多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素水平的变化，无氧运动效应所涉及的机制似乎是其他机制。