A core collection reflects the diversity of the larger germplasm collection and makes the evaluation of genetic resources more effective. To improve barley germplasm management, we propose the construction of a core genetic collection derived from a set of 204 six-rowed hulless barley accessions (39 registered cultivars and 165 landraces) native to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). A sampling percentage of 20% was predicted by the maximization strategy. Five different sampling strategies (Mstrat, Random, REMC, SBS, and SFS) were applied to establish 5 primary core collections from the original 204 accessions using 1750 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. After the evaluation and analysis of core collection representativeness, the Mstrat strategy was determined to be a valid method for developing a core collection. A total of 41 barley accessions were obtained, including 11 registered cultivars and 30 landraces. Genetic structure analysis of the 204 barley accessions showed that the core collection was evenly distributed throughout the initial collection, indicating that the core collection represented the larger germplasm well. A subset of 28 SNP markers were produced and used to distinguish all 204 barley accessions from each other. We believe the collection of 28 SNP markers will be incredibly helpful to barley breeders. Furthermore, the core collection ensures the long-term conservation of genetic resources and will support improvements to six-rowed hulless barley from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原六棱大麦核心品种的开发

核心收藏反映了较大种质收藏的多样性，并使遗传资源的评估更加有效。为了改善大麦种质管理，我们建议构建一个核心遗传集合，该集合来自一组原产于青藏高原 (QTP) 的 204 个六行无壳大麦种质（39 个注册品种和 165 个地方品种）。最大化策略预测的采样百分比为 20%。使用 1750 个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记，应用五种不同的采样策略（Mstrat、随机、REMC、SBS 和 SFS）从原始 204 个种质中建立 5 个主要核心集合。在对核心馆藏代表性进行评估和分析后，Mstrat 策略被确定为开发核心馆藏的有效方法。共获得大麦种质41个，其中登记品种11个，地方品种30个。对204个大麦种质的遗传结构分析表明，核心种质在整个初始种质中分布均匀，表明核心种质很好地代表了较大的种质。产生了 28 个 SNP 标记的子集，用于区分所有 204 个大麦种质。我们相信 28 个 SNP 标记的集合将对大麦育种者非常有帮助。此外，核心藏品确保遗传资源的长期保存，并将支持青藏高原六棱大麦的改良。对204个大麦种质的遗传结构分析表明，核心种质在整个初始种质中分布均匀，表明核心种质很好地代表了较大的种质。产生了 28 个 SNP 标记的子集，用于区分所有 204 个大麦种质。我们相信 28 个 SNP 标记的集合将对大麦育种者非常有帮助。此外，核心藏品确保遗传资源的长期保存，并将支持青藏高原六棱大麦的改良。对204个大麦种质的遗传结构分析表明，核心种质在整个初始种质中分布均匀，表明核心种质很好地代表了较大的种质。产生了 28 个 SNP 标记的子集，用于区分所有 204 个大麦种质。我们相信 28 个 SNP 标记的集合将对大麦育种者非常有帮助。此外，核心藏品确保遗传资源的长期保存，并将支持青藏高原六棱大麦的改良。我们相信 28 个 SNP 标记的集合将对大麦育种者非常有帮助。此外，核心藏品确保遗传资源的长期保存，并将支持青藏高原六棱大麦的改良。我们相信 28 个 SNP 标记的集合将对大麦育种者非常有帮助。此外，核心藏品确保遗传资源的长期保存，并将支持青藏高原六棱大麦的改良。