Water scarcity is increasing throughout the world due to the effects of increasing groundwater abstraction and climatic change. The present study was undertaken to evaluate groundwater potential zones (GP) in Dhaka city using GIS and remote sensing (RS) techniques. A weighted linear combination (WLC) was used in association with GIS techniques to identify GP zones for an area that encompassed the city to 5 km outside of the city boundaries. Declining groundwater levels are a significant issue for the city, and these are influenced by the rate of groundwater abstraction, potential evapotranspiration (PET), rainfall, land use/land cover pattern, surface lithology, drainage pattern, recharge conditions, and geomorphology. Seven thematic layers were used for the GP calculation, where drainage density and infiltration zone maps were modified for the settlement area to reduce the negative influence on the final result. The GP calculation indicated that 188 km² (24%) had a ‘very low’ groundwater potential; 150 km² (19%) had a ‘low’ potential; 138 km² (18%) had a ‘moderate’ potential; 143 km² (19%) had a ‘high’ potential; and 154 km² (20%) had a ‘very high’ potential. Surface lithology was found to be the most sensitive parameter. This parameter had standard deviations of 4.18% and 36.39% were found for a map removal sensitivity analysis (MRSA) and a single parameter sensitivity analysis (SPSA), respectively. The validation result shows that 93% area with a ‘high’ groundwater potential zone falls in the area where the groundwater depth is in the range 6–22 m below the land surface.

中文翻译：

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使用层次分析法识别孟加拉国达卡市的地下水潜在地带

由于日益增加的地下水抽取和气候变化的影响，全世界的水资源短缺现象正在加剧。本研究旨在使用GIS和遥感（RS）技术评估达卡市的地下水潜在地带（GP）。加权线性组合（WLC）与GIS技术结合使用，可以为城市范围之外5 km的区域识别GP区域。地下水水位下降对该城市来说是一个重要问题，并且受地下水抽取率，潜在蒸散量（PET），降雨，土地利用/土地覆盖格局，地表岩性，排水格局，补给条件和地貌的影响。GP的计算使用了七个主题层，修改了沉降区的排水密度和渗透区图，以减少对最终结果的负面影响。GP计算表明188 km²（24％）人的地下水潜力很低；150 km ²（19％）具有“低”的潜力；138 km ²（18％）具有“中等”潜力；143 km ²（19％）具有“高”的潜力；154 km ²（20％）具有“非常高”的潜力。发现表面岩性是最敏感的参数。对于地图去除灵敏度分析（MRSA）和单参数灵敏度分析（SPSA），分别发现此参数的标准偏差为4.18％和36.39％。验证结果表明，具有“高”地下水潜力区的区域中有93％位于地下水深度在陆地表面以下6-22 m的区域。