This study explored the environmental impact of the large-scale projects, the 3rd Bridge across the Bosphorus and 3rd Airport, carried out in the last decade leading to the massive deterioration of the northern forest area in Istanbul. Destroyed forest area was assessed through relevant changes in land classification detected by multi-temporal Landsat data of Istanbul between 2009 and 2016. The magnitude of destroyed carbon stocks and related CO₂ emission together with the reduction in the CO₂ absorption potential inflicted by massive land-use change were also calculated. Observed results indicated that approximately 15,000 ha of forest area was destroyed in 7 years, corresponding to a 7% ultimate loss in the total forest area. The total land cover change for the same period was determined as 11.5% of the study area. The extent of land cover changes indicated that more than 4.4 million tons of CO₂ were additionally emitted to the atmosphere, due to observed reduction of carbon stocks between 2009 and 2016. More than 70% of the total C/CO₂ emission associated with land cover changes could be attributed to the loss of forest land. In addition, destroyed forestland corresponded to a CO₂ absorption loss of 0.3 million tons CO₂/year equivalent to the emission of 830,000 people in Istanbul.

中文翻译：

---

伊斯坦堡北部森林地区因森林砍伐和碳平衡恶化而对大规模土地利用造成的不利环境影响

这项研究探索了大型项目的环境影响，该项目横跨博斯普鲁斯海峡的第三桥和第三机场，在过去十年中进行，导致伊斯坦布尔北部森林地区的大规模退化。销毁森林区域是通过2009年和2016年破坏碳储存和相关CO的幅度之间通过伊斯坦布尔多时陆地卫星数据检测在土地分类相关变化评估₂发射与所述CO还原一起₂还计算了大规模土地利用变化带来的吸收潜力。观察结果表明，在7年中约有15,000公顷的森林面积被破坏，相当于最终森林总面积的7％损失。同期的总土地覆盖变化确定为研究区域的11.5％。土地覆盖变化的程度表明，由于观察到2009年至2016年之间的碳储量减少，另外向大气中排放了超过440万吨的CO _2。与土地相关的C / CO ₂排放总量的70％以上覆盖变化可能归因于林地的损失。此外，被破坏的林地相当于吸收了30万吨CO ₂的CO ₂吸收损失/年相当于伊斯坦布尔的830,000人的排放量。