Recent developments in the electricity sector encourage a high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In addition, European policies are pushing for mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Due to their non-controllable characteristics, these loads have brought new challenges in distribution networks, resulting in increased difficulty for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to guarantee a safe and reliable operation of the grid. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are promising solutions for mitigating the impact of the new loads and RES. In this paper, different aspects of the BESS's integration in distribution grids are reviewed. At first, the physical layer will be considered, focusing on the main battery technologies commercially available and on the power electronics converter. Secondly, the different functionalities that a grid-connected BESS can provide will be investigated, and then its sizing, location and control in distribution network will be discussed. In addition, an overview of actual BESSs installations is given. All in all, this paper aims at providing a comprehensive view of BESSs integration in distribution grids, highlighting the main focus, challenges, and research gaps for each one of these aspects.

中文翻译：

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将电池储能系统集成到配电网络中的全面回顾

电力部门的最新发展鼓励可再生能源（RES）的高度普及。此外，欧洲政策正在推动大规模部署电动汽车（EV）。由于它们的不可控特性，这些负载给配电网络带来了新的挑战，导致配电系统运营商（DSO）难以确保电网安全可靠地运行。电池储能系统（BESS）是缓解新负载和RES影响的有前途的解决方案。本文对BESS在配电网中的集成的不同方面进行了回顾。首先，将考虑物理层，重点是市售的主要电池技术和功率电子转换器。其次，将研究并网的BESS可以提供​​的不同功能，然后讨论其在配电网中的规模，位置和控制。此外，还提供了实际的BESS安装概述。总而言之，本文旨在提供BESS在配电网中的集成的全面视图，突出显示这些方面中每个方面的主要关注点，挑战和研究差距。