In this article, a vertical rigid–flexible coupling model between the vehicle and the equipment is established. Considering the series stiffness of hydraulic shock absorbers, the underframe equipment is like a three-element-type Maxwell model dynamic vibration absorber. The carbody is approximated by an elastic beam and the three-element-type dynamic vibration absorber for general beam system was studied by fixed-point theory. The analytical solution of the optimal suspension parameters for the beam system subjected to harmonic excitation is obtained. The dynamic vibration absorber theory is applied to reduce the resonance of the carbody and to design the suspension parameters of the underframe equipment accordingly. Then, the railway vehicle model was established by multi-body dynamics simulation software, and the vibration levels of the vehicle at different speeds were calculated. A comparative analysis was made between the vehicles whose underframe equipment was suspended by the three-element-type dynamic vibration absorber model and the Kelvin–Voigt-type dynamic vibration absorber model, respectively. The results show that, compared with the vehicle whose underframe equipment is suspended by the Kelvin–Voigt-type dynamic vibration absorber model, the vehicle whose underframe equipment is suspended by the three-element-type dynamic vibration absorber model can achieve a much better ride quality and root mean square value of the vibration acceleration of the carbody. The carbody elastic vibration can be reduced and the vehicle ride quality can be improved effectively using the designed absorber.

在本文中，建立了车辆与设备之间的竖向刚柔耦合模型。考虑到液压减震器的串联刚度，底架设备就像三元件式Maxwell型动态减震器。通过弹性梁近似车身，并通过定点理论研究了通用梁系统的三元型动态减振器。获得了受谐波激励的梁系统最优悬架参数的解析解。运用动态减振器理论来减少车身的共振并相应地设计底架设备的悬架参数。然后，通过多体动力学仿真软件建立铁路车辆模型，计算出车辆在不同速度下的振动水平。分别对通过三元件型动态减振器模型和Kelvin-Voigt型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆进行了比较分析。结果表明，与采用Kelvin–Voigt型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆相比，采用三元型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆可以实现更好的行驶性能车身振动加速度的质量和均方根值。使用设计的减震器，可以减少车身弹性振动，并有效地改善车辆行驶质量。分别对通过三元件型动态减振器模型和Kelvin-Voigt型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆进行了比较分析。结果表明，与采用Kelvin–Voigt型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆相比，采用三元型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆可以实现更好的行驶性能车身振动加速度的质量和均方根值。使用设计的减震器，可以减少车身弹性振动，并有效地改善车辆行驶质量。分别对通过三元型动态减振器模型和Kelvin-Voigt型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆进行了比较分析。结果表明，与采用Kelvin–Voigt型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆相比，采用三元型动态减振器模型悬挂底架设备的车辆可以实现更好的行驶性能车身振动加速度的质量和均方根值。使用设计的减震器，可以减少车身弹性振动，并有效地改善车辆行驶质量。