Host associated microbiome not only may affect the individual health-status or provide insights into the species- or group specific bacterial communities but may act as early warning signs in the assessment of zoonotic reservoirs, offering clues to predict, prevent and control possible episodes of emerging zoonoses. Bats may be carriers and reservoirs of multiple pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, showing in the same time robust immunity against many of them. The microbiota plays a fundamental role on the induction, training and function of the host immune system and the immune system has largely evolved in order to maintain the symbiotic relationship of the host with these diverse microbes. Thus, expanding our knowledge on bat-associated microbiome it can be usefully in understanding bats outstanding immune capacities. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of different bacterial communities in heart tissue of insectivorous bats, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Rhinoplophus hipposideros, from Central and Eastern Europe using high-throughput sequencing of variable regions of the 16S rRNA. In addition, species-specific PCRs were used to validate the presence of the vector-borne pathogens Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. In this study we identified a wide variety of bacterial groups, with the most abundant phyla being Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The results showed that at individual level, the year or location had no effect on the diversity and composition of the microbiome, however host species determined both structure and abundance of the bacterial community. We report the presence of vector-borne bacteria Bartonella spp. in samples of N. noctula and indications of Rickettsia spp. in R. hipposideros. Our results provide a first insight into the bacterial community found in heart tissue of bats from Central and South Eastern Europe.

中文翻译：

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来自中欧和东南欧的食虫蝙蝠的心脏微生物组

宿主相关的微生物组不仅可能会影响个体的健康状况或深入了解物种或特定群体的细菌群落，而且可能在人畜共患病库评估中充当预警信号，为预测，预防和控制可能出现的发作提供线索人畜共患病。蝙蝠可能是多种病原体（例如病毒，细菌和寄生虫）的携带者和储存者，同时显示出对许多病原体的强大免疫力。微生物群在宿主免疫系统的诱导，训练和功能中起着基本作用，并且免疫系统已在很大程度上进化，以维持宿主与这些不同微生物的共生关系。因此，扩大我们对蝙蝠相关微生物组的认识，可以有效地理解蝙蝠的出色免疫能力。这项研究的目的是使用16S rRNA可变区的高通量测序，研究中欧和东欧食虫蝙蝠，夜蛾夜蛾，Pipistrellus pipistrellus和Rhinoplophus hipposideros的心脏组织中不同细菌群落的存在。此外，使用物种特异性PCR来验证载体传播的病原体Bartonella spp的存在。和立克次体 在这项研究中，我们确定了各种各样的细菌群，其中最丰富的菌群是Proteobacteria和Firmicutes。结果表明，在个体水平上，年份或位置对微生物组的多样性和组成没有影响，但是宿主物种决定了细菌群落的结构和丰度。我们报告了载体传播细菌Bartonella spp的存在。在夜蛾猪笼草的样本中和立克次体的适应症。在河马。我们的结果提供了对中欧和东南欧蝙蝠心脏组织中发现的细菌群落的初步了解。