Elevated CO2 levels predicted to occur by the end of the century can affect the physiology and behaviour of marine fishes. For one important survival mechanism, the response to chemical alarm cues from conspecifics, substantial among-individual variation in the extent of behavioural impairment when exposed to elevated CO2 has been observed in previous studies. Whole brain transcriptomic data has further emphasized the importance of parental phenotypic variation in the response of juvenile fish to elevated CO2. In this study, we investigate the genome-wide proteomic responses of this variation in the brain of 5-week old spiny damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus. We compared the expression of proteins in the brains of juvenile A. polyacanthus from two different parental behavioural phenotypes (sensitive and tolerant) that had been experimentally exposed to short-term, long-term and inter-generational elevated CO2. Our results show differential expression of key proteins related to stress response and epigenetic markers with elevated CO2 exposure. Proteins related to neurological development were also differentially expressed particularly in the long-term developmental treatment, which might be critical for juvenile development. By contrast, exposure to elevated CO2 in the parental generation resulted in only three differentially expressed proteins in the offspring, revealing potential for inter-generational acclimation. Lastly, we found a distinct proteomic pattern in juveniles due to the behavioural sensitivity of parents to elevated CO2, even though the behaviour of the juvenile fish was impaired regardless of parental phenotype. Our data shows that developing juveniles are affected in their brain protein expression by elevated CO2, but the effect varies with the length of exposure as well as due to variation of parental phenotypes in the population.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质组学对少年珊瑚礁鱼脑中海洋酸化的反应

预计到本世纪末会出现二氧化碳水平升高，这会影响海水鱼类的生理和行为。对于一种重要的生存机制，在先前的研究中已经观察到对特定物种的化学警报提示的反应，即个体暴露于较高的CO2时行为障碍程度的巨大差异。全脑转录组数据进一步强调了父母表型变异对幼鱼对CO2升高的反应的重要性。在这项研究中，我们调查了5周大的多刺金枪鱼Acanthochromis polyacanthus大脑中这种变异的全基因组蛋白质组学响应。我们比较了少年A大脑中蛋白质的表达。来自两个不同的父母行为表型（敏感和宽容）的金棘鱼，这些表型已通过实验暴露于短期，长期和世代间升高的二氧化碳中。我们的研究结果表明，与应激反应和表观遗传标记有关的关键蛋白的差异表达与二氧化碳暴露量增加有关。与神经发育相关的蛋白质也有差异表达，特别是在长期发育治疗中，这可能对青少年发育至关重要。相比之下，在亲代中暴露于升高的CO2会在后代中仅产生三种差异表达的蛋白质，从而揭示了代际适应的潜力。最后，由于父母对二氧化碳含量升高的行为敏感性，我们在青少年中发现了独特的蛋白质组学模式，即使幼鱼的行为受到影响，无论其父母的表型如何。我们的数据表明，发育中的未成年人会受到CO2浓度升高影响其脑蛋白表达的影响，但这种影响会随着暴露时间的长短以及人群中父母亲表型的变化而变化。