The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of potassium (K) nutrition and/or aeration of flooded soil through drainage on iron (Fe) toxicity of rice during the period of establishment. A hydroponic experiment with three Fe (0.1, optimal; 1, high; 2.5 mM, very high) and K levels (0.3, low; 2, optimal; 5 mM, high), and a soil experiment with two moisture levels [continuously flooded; alternate-wetting and drying (AWD)] and three Fe levels (16, low; 163, optimal; 490 mg Fe(II) kg⁻¹ soil, high) was conducted. In the hydroponic experiment, high Fe supply increased tissue concentrations of Fe, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), and reduced manganese (Mn) concentrations. Particularly Fe, K and P were maintained at root surfaces in larger amounts than taken up by the roots. Growth of rice, photosynthesis, maximum quantum yield, effective quantum yield and electron transport rate were decreased at high and very high Fe concentrations while K application had no positive effect. In the soil experiment, growth and nutrient relations under increased Fe supply were similar to those observed in the hydroponic experiment. However, comparing both moisture levels showed that soil solution Fe concentration and plant growth were reduced and tissue P, Mg and Mn concentrations were increased in the AWD system compared to flooding. Therefore, the application of K or aeration of flooded soil cannot be generalized as promising strategies to alleviate Fe toxicity in rice at the initial crop establishment stage.

该研究的目的是研究钾的营养和/或通过排水引流的淹水对水稻在建立期间的铁（Fe）毒性的影响。水培试验，其中三个Fe（0.1，最佳； 1，高； 2.5 mM，非常高）和K水平（0.3，低； 2，最佳； 5 mM，高），以及两个湿度水平的土壤试验[连续淹没; 交替湿润和干燥（AWD）]和三个Fe水平（16，低； 163，最佳； 490 mg Fe（II）kg ^-1进行）。在水培试验中，高铁供应增加了组织中铁，磷（P）和镁（Mg）的浓度，并降低了锰（Mn）的浓度。特别是，铁，钾和磷在根部表面的保持量大于根部吸收的量。在高和极高的铁浓度下，水稻的生长，光合作用，最大量子产率，有效量子产率和电子传输速率均降低，而钾肥施用无积极作用。在土壤实验中，铁供应增加下的生长和养分关系与水培实验中观察到的相似。但是，比较两种水分含量表明，与洪水相比，AWD系统中土壤溶液中的铁浓度和植物生长降低，组织中的P，Mg和Mn浓度升高。因此，