With the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) is being used in a wide range of fields. The IoT collects and exchanges large amounts of data with objects, either tangible or intangible, such as sensors or physical devices, connected to the Internet. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are components of IoT systems. WSNs are used in various IoT systems, such as monitoring, tracking, and detection systems, to extract relevant information and deliver it to users. WSNs consist of sensor nodes with low power, low cost, and multiple functions. Because sensor nodes have limited resources, such as power and memory, a reduction in the energy efficiency of the sensor nodes in WSNs will lead to a decrease in wireless network performance and an increase in packet loss, which affects IoT system performance. Therefore, this study aimed to find an energy-efficient routing method that extends the lifetime of WSNs by minimizing the battery use of sensor nodes to improve the network performance of IoT systems. Conserving energy from sensor nodes and increasing network throughput in WSNs involves having protocols. The low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH ) protocol is a well-known hierarchical routing protocol in WSNs that constructs clusters and transmits data. LEACH increases energy efficiency by transmitting data from sensor nodes to the base station (BS) through the cluster head. It is widely adopted in the WSN network field, and many protocols are being studied to improve cluster header selection and data transmission to increase the energy efficiency of sensor nodes. In this study, we attempted to improve energy efficiency by removing unnecessary energy from LEACH. In LEACH, when the sensor node is located between the BS and the cluster head, the sensor node transmits data to the cluster head in the opposite direction of the BS. The data sent to the cluster head are transmitted in the direction of the BS. Thus, transmission in the opposite direction consumes unnecessary energy and affects the WSN performance of IoT systems. In this study, we propose a D-LEACH (direction-based LEACH) protocol based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that improves the efficiency of transmission energy considering the data transmission direction of sensor nodes. D-LEACH aims to balance the energy of the sensor nodes and improve the performance of WSNs in the IoT system by reducing unnecessary energy consumption caused by reverse transmission considering the data transmission direction of the sensor nodes. In the course of the paper, we refer to the routing protocol of WSNs to improve network performance and describe LEACH. We also explain the D-LEACH protocol proposed in this paper and confirm the performance improvement of WSNs in an IoT system through simulation.

中文翻译：

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基于数据传输方向的路由算法提高物联网系统网络性能

随着无线通信技术的不断发展，物联网（IoT）正在广泛的领域得到应用。物联网收集并与连接到互联网的有形或无形对象（例如传感器或物理设备）交换大量数据。无线传感器网络 (WSN) 是物联网系统的组成部分。WSN 用于各种物联网系统，例如监控、跟踪和检测系统，以提取相关信息并将其交付给用户。WSN 由低功耗、低成本和多功能的传感器节点组成。由于传感器节点具有有限的资源，例如功率和内存，WSN 中传感器节点能效的降低将导致无线网络性能下降和丢包率增加，从而影响物联网系统性能。因此，本研究旨在寻找一种节能的路由方法，通过最大限度地减少传感器节点的电池使用来提高物联网系统的网络性能，从而延长 WSN 的使用寿命。从传感器节点保存能量和增加 WSN 中的网络吞吐量涉及到协议。低能耗自适应聚类层次（LEACH）协议是WSN中著名的层次路由协议，用于构建簇和传输数据。LEACH 通过簇头将数据从传感器节点传输到基站 (BS)，从而提高能效。它在WSN网络领域被广泛采用，并且正在研究许多协议来改进簇头选择和数据传输以提高传感器节点的能量效率。在这项研究中，我们试图通过从 LEACH 中去除不必要的能量来提高能源效率。在LEACH中，当传感器节点位于BS和簇头之间时，传感器节点向BS相反方向的簇头传输数据。发送到簇头的数据在 BS 的方向上传输。因此，相反方向的传输会消耗不必要的能量并影响物联网系统的 WSN 性能。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种基于接收信号强度指标 (RSSI) 的 D-LEACH（基于方向的 LEACH）协议，该协议在考虑传感器节点的数据传输方向的情况下提高了传输能量的效率。D-LEACH旨在通过考虑传感器节点的数据传输方向减少反向传输引起的不必要的能量消耗，平衡传感器节点的能量并提高物联网系统中WSN的性能。在论文的过程中，我们参考了 WSN 的路由协议来提高网络性能并描述 LEACH。我们还解释了本文提出的 D-LEACH 协议，并通过仿真确认了物联网系统中 WSN 的性能改进。