Phytopathogenic fungi, causing significant economic and production losses, are becoming a serious threat to global food security. Due to an increase in fungal resistance and the hazardous effects of chemical fungicides to human and environmental health, scientists are now engaged to explore alternate non-chemical and ecofriendly management strategies. The use of biocontrol agents and their secondary metabolites (SMs) is one of the potential approaches used today. Trichoderma spp. are well known biocontrol agents used globally. Many Trichoderma species are the most prominent producers of SMs with antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Detailed information about these secondary metabolites, when grouped together, enhances the understanding of their efficient utilization and further exploration of new bioactive compounds for the management of plant pathogenic fungi. The current literature provides the information about SMs of Trichoderma spp. in a different context. In this review, we summarize and group different antifungal SMs of Trichoderma spp. against phytopathogenic fungi along with a comprehensive overview of some aspects related to their chemistry and biosynthesis. Moreover, a brief overview of the biosynthesis pathway, action mechanism, and different approaches for the analysis of SMs and the factors affecting the regulation of SMs in Trichoderma is also discussed.

中文翻译：

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木霉属生物活性次级代谢产物。对抗植物病原真菌。


植物病原真菌造成重大经济和生产损失，正在成为全球粮食安全的严重威胁。由于真菌抗药性的增加以及化学杀菌剂对人类和环境健康的有害影响，科学家们现在正在致力于探索替代的非化学和生态友好的管理策略。使用生物防治剂及其次级代谢物（SM）是当今使用的潜在方法之一。木霉属是全球使用的众所周知的生物防治剂。许多木霉属物种是最重要的 SM 生产者，这些 SM 具有针对植物病原真菌的抗菌活性。有关这些次生代谢物的详细信息，当组合在一起时，可以增强对其有效利用的理解，并进一步探索用于管理植物病原真菌的新生物活性化合物。当前文献提供了有关木霉属 SM 的信息。在不同的背景下。在这篇综述中，我们对木霉属的不同抗真菌 SM 进行了总结和分组。对抗植物病原真菌，并全面概述与其化学和生物合成相关的一些方面。此外，还简要概述了木霉中 SM 的生物合成途径、作用机制和不同的分析方法以及影响 SM 调节的因素。