The diversity and biotechnological potentialities of bacterial isolates from brines of three Antarctic lakes of the Northern Victoria Land (namely Boulder Clay and Tarn Flat areas) were first explored. Cultivable bacterial communities were analysed mainly in terms of bacterial response to contaminants (i.e., antibiotics and heavy metals) and oxidation of contaminants (i.e., aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls). Moreover, the biosynthesis of biomolecules (antibiotics, extracellular polymeric substances and enzymes) with applications for human health and environmental protection was assayed. A total of 74 and 141 isolates were retrieved from Boulder Clay and Tarn Flat brines, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, bacterial isolates represented three phyla, namely Proteobacteria (i.e., Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria), Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, with differences encountered among brines. At genus level, Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter and Leifsonia members were dominant. Results obtained from this study on the physiological and enzymatic features of cold-adapted isolates from Antarctic lake brines provide interesting prospects for possible applications in the biotechnological field through future targeted surveys. Finally, findings on contaminant occurrence and bacterial response suggest that bacteria might be used as bioindicators for tracking human footprints in these remote polar areas.

中文翻译：

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来自常年冰雪覆盖和原始南极湖泊的盐水中可培养的细菌群落：生态和生物技术影响。

首先探索了北维多利亚地区三个南极湖泊（即博尔德粘土和塔恩平原地区）盐水中细菌分离物的多样性和生物技术潜力。主要根据细菌对污染物（即抗生素和重金属）的反应和污染物（即脂肪族和芳香族碳氢化合物以及多氯联苯）的氧化来分析可培养的细菌群落。此外，还分析了生物分子（抗生素、细胞外聚合物和酶）的生物合成在人类健康和环境保护方面的应用。从 Boulder Clay 和 Tarn Flat 盐水中分别回收了 74 个和 141 个分离株。基于 16S rRNA 基因序列相似性，细菌分离株代表三个门，即变形菌门（即伽马变形菌门和阿尔法变形菌门）、拟杆菌门和放线菌门，但盐水之间存在差异。在属水平上，红杆菌属、假单胞菌属、冷杆菌属和莱夫索尼亚属占优势。这项关于南极湖盐水冷适应分离物的生理和酶学特征的研究结果为未来有针对性的调查在生物技术领域的可能应用提供了有趣的前景。最后，关于污染物发生和细菌反应的发现表明，细菌可以用作追踪这些偏远极地地区人类足迹的生物指示剂。