Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is considered to be the leading non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults. Current treatments for MS comprise long-term immunosuppressant drugs and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) designed to alter its progress with the enhanced risk of severe side effects. The Holy Grail for the treatment of MS is to specifically suppress the disease while at the same time allow the immune system to be functionally active against infectious diseases and malignancy. This could be achieved via the development of immunotherapies designed to specifically suppress immune responses to self-antigens (e.g., myelin antigens). The present study attempts to highlight the various antigen-specific immunotherapies developed so far for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (e.g., vaccination with myelin-derived peptides/proteins, plasmid DNA encoding myelin epitopes, tolerogenic dendritic cells pulsed with encephalitogenic epitopes of myelin proteins, attenuated autologous T cells specific for myelin antigens, T cell receptor peptides, carriers loaded/conjugated with myelin immunodominant peptides, etc), focusing on the outcome of their recent preclinical and clinical evaluation, and to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.

中文翻译：

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抗原特异性免疫疗法治疗多发性硬化症的最新进展。

多发性硬化症（MS）是中枢神经系统的一种自身免疫性疾病，被认为是年轻人神经系统残疾的主要非创伤性原因。MS的当前治疗方法包括长期免疫抑制剂药物和疾病缓解疗法（DMT），旨在通过增加严重副作用的风险来改变其进展。治疗MS的圣杯是专门抑制疾病，同时使免疫系统在功能上有效抵抗传染病和恶性肿瘤。这可以通过开发旨在特异性抑制自身抗原（例如，髓磷脂抗原）免疫应答的免疫疗法来实现。