Due to their versatile applications, gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by many approaches, including green processes using plant extracts for reducing metal ions. In this work, we propose to use plant extract with active biomedical components for NPs synthesis, aiming to obtain NPs inheriting the biomedical functions of the plants. By using leaves extract of Clerodendrum inerme (C. inerme) as both a reducing agent and a capping agent, we have synthesized gold (CI-Au) and silver (CI-Ag) NPs covered with biomedically active functional groups from C. inerme. The synthesized NPs were evaluated for different biological activities such as antibacterial and antimycotic against different pathogenic microbes (B. subtilis, S. aureus, Klebsiella, and E. coli) and (A. niger, T. harzianum, and A. flavus), respectively, using agar well diffusion assays. The antimicrobial propensity of NPs further assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) glutathione (GSH) and FTIR analysis. Biofilm inhibition activity was also carried out using colorimetric assays. The antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of CI-Au and CI-Ag NPs was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging and MTT assay, respectively. The CI-Au and CI-Ag NPs were demonstrated to have much better antioxidant in terms of %DPPH scavenging (75.85% ± 0.67% and 78.87% ± 0.19%), respectively. They exhibited excellent antibacterial, antimycotic, biofilm inhibition and cytotoxic performance against pathogenic microbes and MCF-7 cells compared to commercial Au and Ag NPs functionalized with dodecanethiol and PVP, respectively. The biocompatibility test further corroborated that CI-Ag and CI-Au NPs are more biocompatible at the concentration level of 1–50 µM. Hence, this work opens a new environmentally-friendly path for synthesizing nanomaterials inherited with enhanced and/or additional biomedical functionalities inherited from their herbal sources.

中文翻译：

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虎杖叶片提取物绿色合成金和银纳米粒子；表征，抗微生物和抗氧化活性。

由于其用途广泛，已经通过许多方法合成了金（Au）和银（Ag）纳米颗粒（NPs），包括使用植物提取物还原金属离子的绿色工艺。在这项工作中，我们建议使用具有活性生物医学成分的植物提取物进行NP合成，以期获得继承植物生物医学功能的NP。通过使用Clerodendrum inerme（C. inerme）的叶子提取物作为还原剂和封端剂，我们合成了金（CI-Au）和银（CI-Ag）NP，这些NPs覆盖了C. inerme的生物医学活性官能团。评估了合成NP的不同生物活性，如对不同病原微生物（枯草芽孢杆菌）的抗菌和抗霉菌作用。，金黄色葡萄球菌，克雷伯菌和大肠杆菌）和（黑曲霉，哈茨木霉和黄曲霉。），分别使用琼脂井扩散试验。NPs的抗菌性可通过活性氧（ROS）谷胱甘肽（GSH）和FTIR分析进一步评估。生物膜抑制活性也使用比色测定法进行。CI-Au和CI-Ag NPs的抗氧化剂和细胞毒性潜力分别使用DPPH自由基清除法和MTT法测定。在清除％DPPH方面，已证明CI-Au和CI-Ag NP具有更好的抗氧化性（分别为75.85％±0.67％和78.87％±0.19％）。与分别用十二烷硫醇和PVP功能化的商业化Au和Ag NP相比，它们对致病性微生物和MCF-7细胞表现出优异的抗菌，抗真菌，生物膜抑制作用和细胞毒性。生物相容性测试进一步证实了CI-Ag和CI-Au NP在1–50 µM的浓度下具有更高的生物相容性。因此，这项工作为合成具有从其草药来源继承的增强和/或其他生物医学功能的纳米材料开辟了一条新的环境友好途径。