Background

In most countries women cycle less than men. This is despite the clear environmental and health benefits of active commuting. Feminist critiques suggest this gender gap reflects societal roles and values, yet there has been little empirical research on the differences in men's and women's cycling in the context of total travel.

Methods

Regression analyses were used to explore the travel mode and distance travelled of 49 965 participants in the nationally representative, continuous, cross-sectional New Zealand Household Travel Survey (2002–2014). Regular cyclists were people who cycled at least 10 days in the preceding month. We reported results by gender and cyclist status.

Results

Car was the dominant mode of travel for all groups. While fewer women regularly cycled (2%) compared to men (5%), women travelled less each day (12–17% less distance) and were more likely to use public transport and walk than men. These gender patterns were broadly replicated in people who were regular cyclists. Women made 17–47% more motorised trips of less than 5 km than men each day. Overall half of regular cyclists achieved 600 METS or above per week through travel related physical activity, compared to 11–15% of non-regular cyclists. Even after full model adjustment men had more than twice the odds (OR 2.58 (95%CI:2.29–2.92)) of cycling compared to women.

Conclusions

Men are more likely to cycle than women in NZ and cyclists get more physical activity. Nonetheless, analysis across all travel (irrespective of regularity of cycling status) suggests that women use more diverse travel modes and generate lower greenhouse gas emissions than men. Better consideration of the social processes shaping travel is needed to create policy, institutions, programmes and infrastructure that achieve the long term goals of the transport system, such as increasing cycling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

中文翻译：

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超越自行车：了解骑自行车中性别差距的背景

背景

在大多数国家，妇女骑自行车的次数少于男子。尽管通勤具有明显的环境和健康益处。女权主义者的批评表明，这种性别差距反映了社会角色和价值观，但是，关于全程旅行中男女自行车骑行差异的实证研究很少。

方法

在全国代表性的，连续的，横断面的新西兰家庭旅行调查（2002-2014年）中，使用回归分析来探索49965名参与者的出行方式和出行距离。定期骑自行车的人是在上个月骑自行车至少10天的人。我们按性别和骑车人身份报告了结果。

结果

汽车是所有群体旅行的主要方式。与男子（5％）相比，经常骑自行车的妇女（2％）少，但妇女每天旅行的次数较少（距离减少12-17％），并且与男子相比，他们使用公共交通工具和步行的可能性更高。这些性别模式在经常骑自行车的人中广泛复制。女性每天少于5公里的机动出行比男性多出17-47％。总体而言，定期骑自行车的人通过与旅行有关的体育锻炼每周达到600个METS或以上，相比之下，非常规骑自行车的人则为11-15％。即使进行了完全模型调整，男性的骑车几率也比女性高出两倍以上（OR 2.58（95％CI：2.29–2.92）。

结论

在新西兰，男性比女性更有可能骑自行车，而且骑自行车的人进行更多的体育锻炼。尽管如此，对所有出行进行的分析（与骑行状况的规律性无关）表明，妇女使用的出行方式比男性更多样化，温室气体排放量也比男性低。需要更好地考虑塑造旅行的社会过程，以创建实现运输系统长期目标的政策，机构，计划和基础设施，例如增加骑行和减少温室气体的排放。