BACKGROUND Despite pneumonia being an emerging burden on Parkinson's disease patients, there is essentially nothing known on whether they are at an increased risk of pneumonia occurrence and their associated factors. OBJECTIVES To determine whether Parkinson's disease is associated with the risk of pneumonia and its associated factors. METHODS Using nationwide database that covers the whole population in South Korea from 2002 to 2017, we identified newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients in 2004-2006, and selected four age- and sex-matched controls for each patient from the general population. From these patients and controls, we identified pneumonia occurrence until the end of the study period, and plotted Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model to determine its risk. RESULTS We identified 10,159 Parkinson's disease patients and matched 39,574 controls. These patients showed a higher incidence rate than controls (11.21 vs. 3.61 events/1000 person-years) throughout the study period, and were at an increased risk of pneumonia (hazard ratio = 2.26; 95% CI, 2.17-2.36) even after adjusting for confounders. Old age, male sex, region of residence, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, tuberculosis, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, seizure disorder and antidiabetic drug usage were all associated with a higher risk of pneumonia, while dyslipidemia and antihypertensive medication usage lowered the risk. CONCLUSIONS Parkinson's disease patients may be more likely to experience pneumonia compared to the general population throughout the disease course from diagnosis. Therefore, physicians should focus on the modifiable risk factors of pneumonia in such patients.

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帕金森病的肺炎风险及其相关因素：一项国家数据库研究

背景尽管肺炎是帕金森病患者的新负担，但对于他们是否处于增加的肺炎发生风险及其相关因素基本上一无所知。目的 确定帕金森病是否与肺炎风险及其相关因素有关。方法 利用覆盖韩国 2002 年至 2017 年全人口的全国性数据库，确定 2004 年至 2006 年新诊断的帕金森病患者，并从一般人群中为每位患者选择 4 名年龄和性别匹配的对照。从这些患者和对照中，我们确定了直到研究期结束的肺炎发生，并绘制了 Kaplan-Meier 曲线和 Cox 比例风险模型以确定其风险。结果 我们确定了 10,159 名帕金森氏病患者 s疾病患者和匹配的39,574个控制。在整个研究期间，这些患者的发病率高于对照组（11.21 次与 3.61 次事件/1000 人年），并且肺炎风险增加（风险比 = 2.26；95% CI，2.17-2.36），即使在调整混杂因素。高龄、男性、居住地区、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭、肺结核、心房颤动、慢性肾病、脑血管病、痴呆、慢性阻塞性肺病、癫痫症和抗糖尿病药物的使用都与较高的患糖尿病风险有关。肺炎，而血脂异常和抗高血压药物的使用降低了风险。结论 与一般人群相比，帕金森病患者在诊断后的整个病程中更可能发生肺炎。