This study investigates the effects of two different residential treatments and of treatment drop-out in a German methamphetamine (MA) dependent sample. 108 subjects from two addiction treatment concepts were recruited at treatment begin and followed-up at 12 (T2) and 18 (T3) months after treatment. Based on follow-up samples (n = 38 at T2, n = 25 at T3), 77.1% at T2 and 68.0% at T3 were MA abstinent. Classifying everyone, who did not participate at follow-ups as having had a relapse, showed MA-abstinence rates of 25.0% (at T2) and 15.7% (at T3). There was no difference in MA-use between treatment conditions nor between treatment completers and drop-outs. Having injected any substance predicted MA-use at T2 (p = .03). The median time of relapse was 1.5 days after hospital release. Depression scores at T2 predicted MA-use at T3 (p = .02). T2 participants that dropped out of treatment had higher craving scores at T2, than T2 subjects who completed treatment (p = .03). The results show positive effects of current inpatient treatment programs without differences between different concepts. More research is needed to clarify the impact of treatment drop-out. Attention should be paid to a successful transition from residential to outpatient services and to a reduction of study attrition.

这项研究调查了德国甲基苯丙胺（MA）依赖样本中两种不同的住宅治疗方法以及治疗退出的影响。在治疗开始时招募了来自两种成瘾治疗概念的108名受试者，并在治疗后12（T2）和18（T3）个月进行了随访。根据后续样本（在T2时n = 38，在T3时n = 25），T2时77.1％，T3时68.0％都是MA禁忌。对没有参加随访的所有人进行了复发分类，结果显示MA戒断率分别为25.0％（在T2）和15.7％（在T3）。在治疗条件之间，治疗完成者和辍学者之间，MA的使用没有差异。在T2注射了任何可预测MA使用的物质（p = .03）。复发的中位时间为医院释放后1.5天。T2的抑郁评分预测了T3的MA使用率（p = .02）。与完成治疗的T2受试者相比，退出治疗的T2受试者在T2时的渴望得分更高（p = .03）。结果显示了当前住院治疗方案的积极效果，不同概念之间没有差异。需要更多的研究来阐明治疗退出的影响。应注意从住宅到门诊服务的成功过渡以及减少研究人员的流失。