In this study, we devoted to investigate immune-related genes and tumor microenvironment (TME) in EC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In total 799 up-regulated and 139 down-regulated immune-related and differentially expressed genes in EC were investigated for functional annotations and prognosis. By a conjoint Cox regression analysis, we built two risk models for OS and DFS, as well as the consistent nomograms. Immune-related pathways were revealed mostly enriched in the low-risk group. By further analyzing TME based on the risk signatures, the higher immune cell infiltration and activation, lower tumor purity and higher tumor mutational burden were found in low-risk group, which presented a better prognosis. Both the expression and immunophenoscore of immune checkpoints PD-1, CTLA4, PD-L1 and PD-L2 increased significantly in low-risk group. These findings may provide new ideas for novel biomarkers and immunotherapy targets in EC.

在这项研究中，我们致力于基于癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库研究 EC 中的免疫相关基因和肿瘤微环境（TME）。研究了 EC 中总共 799 个上调和 139 个下调的免疫相关和差异表达基因的功能注释和预后。通过联合 Cox 回归分析，我们为 OS 和 DFS 建立了两个风险模型，以及一致的列线图。免疫相关通路主要集中在低风险组。通过基于风险特征进一步分析TME，发现低风险组具有更高的免疫细胞浸润和激活、更低的肿瘤纯度和更高的肿瘤突变负荷，呈现出更好的预后。免疫检查点 PD-1、CTLA4、低风险组的PD-L1和PD-L2显着增加。这些发现可能为 EC 中新的生物标志物和免疫治疗靶点提供新的思路。