Hydrocarbon seepage in cold seeps provides an appropriate environment for chemosynthetic communities to arise and for authigenic carbonates to form. To study the relationships between the chemosynthetic communities and underlying authigenic carbonates, extensive in situ Raman measurements were conducted on the fluids, chemosynthetic communities, and authigenic carbonates found at the Formosa Ridge (Site F) in the South China Sea. Interestingly, the in situ Raman spectra of the authigenic carbonates indicated the highest crystallinity in the fauna-rich area. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of the samples supported the conclusion that the aragonite in the fauna-rich area is more regular than that in the desert area. The in situ Raman spectra suggested that the fluids with relatively low salinity and low sulfate concentrations in the bottom of the chemosynthetic communities can buffer the erosion of underlying authigenic carbonates via the salt effect. In addition, the aragonite content decreased, while the quartz content increased from the fauna-rich area to the desert area (i.e., with increasing distance from the seepage vent). Authigenic aragonite exhibited a negative correlation with terrigenous quartz in the cold seep. The results indicate that changes in chemosynthetic communities have biogeochemical implications on the evolution of authigenic carbonates. Finally, we built a distribution model of the present chemosynthetic communities and underlying authigenic carbonates at Site F, based on systematic in situ Raman measurements and laboratory analyses. This study provides new insights into the evolution of authigenic carbonates based on differences in the spatial distribution of chemosynthetic communities in the seepage system.

冷渗漏中的烃渗漏为化学合成群落的形成和自生碳酸盐的形成提供了合适的环境。为了研究化学合成群落与潜在的自生碳酸盐之间的关系，对南海福尔摩沙岭（站点F）发现的流体，化学合成群落和自生碳酸盐进行了广泛的原位拉曼测量。有趣的是，自生碳酸盐的原位拉曼光谱表明，在动物丰富的地区，结晶度最高。样品的扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析支持这样的结论，即动物区丰富地区的文石比沙漠地区更规则。原位拉曼光谱表明，化学合成群落底部的盐度相对较低且硫酸盐浓度较低的流体可以通过盐效应来缓冲潜在的自生碳酸盐的侵蚀。另外，文石含量降低，而石英含量从动物区丰富区到沙漠区增加（即，与渗漏孔的距离增加）。自生文石与冷渗流中的陆源石英表现出负相关。结果表明，化学合成群落的变化对自生碳酸盐的演化具有生物地球化学意义。最后，我们基于系统的原位拉曼测量和实验室分析，建立了站点F上当前化学合成群落和潜在自生碳酸盐的分布模型。