Diabetes mellitus and its complications are major international health problems in which there are many limitations to the orthodox approaches in the treatment. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of diabetic medications, with a different mechanism of action that may reduce risk of cardiovascular complications. To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy on cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes and to compare its effect with the first-line therapy, metformin. Eighty rats divided into four groups were used: nondiabetic, diabetic nontreated, diabetic + met and diabetic + dapa. At the end, the arterial blood pressure and cardiac performance were assessed. Glycemic index, lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor α were measured. DNA changes were assessed from the hearts and aortae. Aortic tissue changes recorded using haematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome and iNOS immune stain. Glycemic index, lipid profile, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters were significantly improved in both metformin and dapagliflozin treated groups with significant improvement in blood pressure and cardiac performance. Also, there were noticeable significant reduction in DNA fragmentation in aortic and cardiac tissues and reduction in collagen deposition and iNOS expression in aortic tissue. Dapagliflozin treatment results’ significantly surpassed improvement of metformin treatment nearly in all parameters. Total genomic DNA extraction proved that SGL2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) has superior glycemic control and cardiovascular protective effect over metformin especially in type-2 diabetes with high fat intake.

中文翻译：

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Dapagliflozin 是一种钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 抑制剂，可保护 2 型糖尿病小鼠模型的心血管功能

糖尿病及其并发症是主要的国际健康问题，正统的治疗方法存在许多局限性。钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 (SGLT2) 抑制剂是一类新的糖尿病药物，具有不同的作用机制，可以降低心血管并发症的风险。评估 SGLT2 抑制剂单药治疗对 2 型糖尿病患者心血管并发症的影响，并将其与一线治疗二甲双胍的效果进行比较。使用分为四组的八十只大鼠：非糖尿病组、未治疗糖尿病组、糖尿病+met和糖尿病+dapa。最后，评估动脉血压和心脏功能。测量血糖指数、脂质分布、总抗氧化能力、丙二醛、肿瘤坏死因子α。从心脏和主动脉评估 DNA 变化。使用苏木精和伊红、Masson 三色和 iNOS 免疫染色记录的主动脉组织变化。二甲双胍和达格列净治疗组的血糖指数、脂质分布、氧化应激和炎症参数均显着改善，血压和心脏功能显着改善。此外，主动脉和心脏组织中 DNA 片段化显着减少，主动脉组织中胶原沉积和 iNOS 表达减少。Dapagliflozin 治疗的结果几乎在所有参数上都显着超过了二甲双胍治疗的改善。