Fires, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, overcrowding, or and even pandemic viruses endanger human lives. Hence, designing infrastructures to handle possible emergencies has become an ever-increasing need. The safe evacuation of occupants from the building takes precedence when dealing with the necessary mitigation and disaster risk management. This thesis deals with designing an IoT system to provide safe and quick evacuation suggestions. The IoT-based evacuation system provides optimal evacuation paths that can be continuously updated based on run-time sensory data, so evacuation guidelines can be adjusted according to visitors occupants that evolve over time. This thesis makes the following main contributions: i) Addressing an up to date state of the art class for IoT architectural styles and patterns; ii) Proposing a set of self-adaptive IoT patterns and assessing their specific quality attributes (fault-tolerance, energy consumption, and performance); iii) Designing an IoT infrastructure and testing its performance in both real-time and design-time applications; iv) Developing a network flow algorithm that facilitates minimizing the time necessary to evacuate people from a scene of a disaster; v) Modeling various social agents and their interactions during an emergency to improve the IoT system accordingly; vi) Evaluating the system by using empirical and real case studies.

中文翻译：

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基于物联网的紧急疏散系统

火灾、地震、洪水、飓风、过度拥挤，甚至大流行病毒都会危及人类的生命。因此，设计基础设施以处理可能的紧急情况已成为日益增长的需求。在处理必要的缓解和灾害风险管理时，优先考虑从建筑物中安全疏散住户。本论文涉及设计一个物联网系统以提供安全和快速的疏散建议。基于物联网的疏散系统提供了最佳疏散路径，可以根据运行时的传感数据不断更新，因此疏散指南可以根据随时间变化的访客居住者进行调整。本论文做出以下主要贡献：i) 解决物联网架构风格和模式的最新技术水平；ii) 提出一套自适应物联网模式并评估其特定的质量属性（容错、能耗和性能）；iii) 设计物联网基础设施并在实时和设计时应用程序中测试其性能；iv) 开发一种网络流算法，有助于最大限度地减少从灾难现场疏散人员所需的时间；v) 在紧急情况下对各种社会代理及其交互进行建模，以相应地改进物联网系统；vi) 通过使用经验和真实案例研究来评估系统。iv) 开发一种网络流算法，有助于最大限度地减少从灾难现场疏散人员所需的时间；v) 在紧急情况下对各种社会代理及其交互进行建模，以相应地改进物联网系统；vi) 通过使用经验和真实案例研究来评估系统。iv) 开发一种网络流算法，有助于最大限度地减少从灾难现场疏散人员所需的时间；v) 在紧急情况下对各种社会代理及其交互进行建模，以相应地改进物联网系统；vi) 通过使用经验和真实案例研究来评估系统。