Abstract Aerosol insecticides are one tool that pest management professionals can utilize as a spatial treatment inside food facilities and storage warehouses. Methods of aerosol application can vary significantly and can affect the spatial pattern of efficacy achieved. We investigated how the location from which an aerosol insecticide is applied inside a mill influenced the spatial dispersal of the insecticide. Treatments were performed using two commercial formulations, pyrethrin + pyriproxyfen (insect growth regulator [IGR]) and pyrethrin + methoprene (IGR), applied at one of three static locations or a fourth application comprising of splitting the application among all three locations. Concrete arenas were placed out at different locations within the mill during applications. At 2, 4, and 6 wk post-aerosol application, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, confused flour beetle, larvae were added to the concrete arenas and monitored for development and efficacy was evaluated based on percent adult emergence and an efficacy index that ranged from 1 (low) to 21 (high). The spatial pattern of aerosol coverage varied between insecticide formulations and the aerosol application location. Areas of the mill near walls, corners, equipment, and farthest away from the application location had larger zones of low efficacy index values among all four application locations. This study illustrated that the aerosol insecticide formulation, application location, and delivery method all significantly influenced residual efficacies of the insecticides. To increase the overall spatial coverage and IGR efficacy, targeting these areas of a mill floor with the aerosol or additional intervention techniques would increase uniform coverages and overall effectiveness.

中文翻译：

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气溶胶杀虫剂施药部位对Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)幼虫残留药效模式的影响

摘要 气溶胶杀虫剂是害虫管理专业人员可以在食品设施和仓储仓库中用作空间处理的一种工具。气雾剂应用的方法可以有很大的不同，并且可以影响所达到的功效的空间模式。我们调查了在工厂内施用气溶胶杀虫剂的位置如何影响杀虫剂的空间扩散。使用两种商业制剂进行处理，除虫菊酯 + 吡丙醚（昆虫生长调节剂 [IGR]）和除虫菊酯 + 甲氧普林 (IGR)，在三个静态位置之一施用或第四次施用，包括在所有三个位置之间分配施用。在应用过程中，混凝土场地被放置在磨机内的不同位置。在气雾剂应用后第 2、4 和 6 周，Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val、混淆面粉甲虫、幼虫被添加到混凝土场地并监测发育，并根据成虫出现百分比和从 1（低）到 21（高）的功效指数评估功效。气雾剂覆盖的空间格局因杀虫剂制剂和气雾剂施用位置而异。在所有四个应用位置中，靠近墙壁、角落、设备和最远离应用位置的磨机区域具有较大的低功效指数值区域。该研究表明，气雾剂杀虫剂的配方、施用位置和给药方式都显着影响了杀虫剂的残留效力。为了增加整体空间覆盖和 IGR 功效，