Aims Decades of research show that people with schizophrenia have an increased risk of death from cancer; however, the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer incidence remains less clear. This population-based study investigates the incidence of seven common types of cancer among people with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia and accounting for the effects of age, sex and calendar time. Methods This population-based study used 1990–2013 data from three nationwide Swedish registries to calculate the incidence (in total, by age group and by sex) of any cancer and of lung, oesophageal, pancreatic, stomach, colon, (in men) prostate and (in women) breast cancer in 111 306 people with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia. The incidence in people with diagnosed schizophrenia was compared with the incidence in the general population. Risk estimates accounted for the effects of calendar time. Results In 1 424 829 person-years of follow-up, schizophrenia did not confer an overall higher cancer risk (IRR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91–1.13) but was associated with a higher risk for female breast (IRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12–1.26), lung (IRR 1.42, 95% CI 1.28–1.58), oesophageal (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.46) and pancreatic (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.21) and a lower risk of prostate (IRR 0.66, 95% CI 0.55–0.79) cancer. Some age- and sex-specific differences in risk were observed. Conclusions People with schizophrenia do not have a higher overall incidence of cancer than people in the general population. However, there are significant differences in the risk of specific cancer types overall and by sex calling for efforts to develop disease-specific prevention programmes. In people with schizophrenia, higher risk generally occurs in those <75 years.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症患者癌症的总体发病率和性别和年龄组特定发病率：一项基于人群的队列研究

目标 数十年的研究表明，精神分裂症患者死于癌症的风险增加；然而，精神分裂症和癌症发病率之间的关系仍然不太清楚。这项基于人群的研究调查了医院诊断为精神分裂症的人群中七种常见癌症的发病率，并考虑了年龄、性别和日历时间的影响。方法 这项基于人群的研究使用 1990-2013 年来自瑞典三个全国登记处的数据来计算任何癌症和肺癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌（男性）的发病率（按年龄组和性别）在 111 306 名医院诊断为精神分裂症的人中发现了前列腺癌和（女性）乳腺癌。将诊断为精神分裂症的人的发病率与一般人群的发病率进行比较。风险估计考虑了日历时间的影响。结果 在 1 424 829 人年的随访中，精神分裂症并未带来更高的总体癌症风险（IRR 1.02，95% CI 0.91–1.13），但与女性乳房的更高风险相关（IRR 1.19，95% CI 1.12–1.26)、肺 (IRR 1.42, 95% CI 1.28–1.58)、食管 (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.46) 和胰腺 (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.21) 和较低的前列腺风险 ( IRR 0.66, 95% CI 0.55–0.79) 癌症。观察到一些特定于年龄和性别的风险差异。结论精神分裂症患者的癌症总体发病率并不高于一般人群。然而，特定癌症类型的总体风险和性别风险存在显着差异，因此需要努力制定针对疾病的预防计划。在精神分裂症患者中，