The self-renewal capacity of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) supports blood system homeostasis throughout life and underlies the curative capacity of clinical HSC transplantation therapies. However, despite extensive characterization of the HSC state in the adult bone marrow and embryonic fetal liver, the mechanism of HSC self-renewal has remained elusive. This Review presents our current understanding of HSC self-renewal in vivo and ex vivo, and discusses important advances in ex vivo HSC expansion that are providing new biological insights and offering new therapeutic opportunities.

中文翻译：

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体内和体外造血干细胞自我更新。

多能造血干细胞 (HSC) 的自我更新能力支持整个生命周期的血液系统稳态，是临床 HSC 移植疗法治愈能力的基础。然而，尽管在成人骨髓和胚胎胎肝中对 HSC 状态进行了广泛的表征，但 HSC 自我更新的机制仍然难以捉摸。本综述介绍了我们目前对体内和体外 HSC 自我更新的理解，并讨论了体外 HSC 扩增的重要进展，这些进展提供了新的生物学见解并提供了新的治疗机会。