Abstract

Many countries have been experienced an increase in protein consumption due to the population growth and adoption of protein-rich dietaries. Unfortunately, conventional-based protein agroindustry is associated with environmental impacts that might aggravate as the humankind increase. Thus, it is important to screen for novel protein sources that are environmentally friendly. Microalgae farming is a promising alternative to couple the anthropic emissions with the production of food and feed. Some microalgae show protein contents two times higher than conventional protein sources. The use of whole microalgae biomass as a protein source in food and feed is simple and well-established. Conversely, the production of microalgae protein supplements and isolates requires the development of feasible and robust processes able to fractionate the microalgae biomass in different value-added products. Since most of the proteins are inside the microalgae cells, several techniques of disruption have been proposed to increase the efficiency to extract them. After the disruption of the microalgae cells, the proteins can be extracted, concentrated, isolated or purified allowing the development of different products. This critical review addresses the current state of the production of microalgae proteins for multifarious applications, and possibilities to concatenate the production of proteins and advanced biofuels.

摘要

由于人口增长和采用富含蛋白质的饮食，许多国家的蛋白质消费量有所增加。不幸的是，基于传统的蛋白质农业工业与环境影响有关，随着人类的增加，这些影响可能会加剧。因此，筛选对环境友好的新型蛋白质来源非常重要。微藻养殖是将人为排放与食品和饲料生产结合起来的有前途的替代方案。一些微藻的蛋白质含量是传统蛋白质来源的两倍。使用完整的微藻生物质作为食物和饲料中的蛋白质来源是简单且成熟的。反过来，微藻蛋白补充剂和分离物的生产需要开发可行且稳健的工艺，能够将微藻生物质分离为不同的增值产品。由于大多数蛋白质都在微藻细胞内，因此提出了几种破坏技术以提高提取它们的效率。在破坏微藻细胞后，可以提取、浓缩、分离或纯化蛋白质，从而开发不同的产品。这篇批判性评论讨论了用于多种应用的微藻蛋白生产的现状，以及将蛋白质和先进生物燃料的生产结合起来的可能性。已经提出了几种破坏技术来提高提取它们的效率。在破坏微藻细胞后，可以提取、浓缩、分离或纯化蛋白质，从而开发不同的产品。这篇批判性评论讨论了用于多种应用的微藻蛋白生产的现状，以及将蛋白质和先进生物燃料的生产结合起来的可能性。已经提出了几种破坏技术来提高提取它们的效率。在破坏微藻细胞后，可以提取、浓缩、分离或纯化蛋白质，从而开发不同的产品。这篇批判性评论讨论了用于多种应用的微藻蛋白生产的现状，以及将蛋白质和先进生物燃料的生产结合起来的可能性。