MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of several biological processes, such as cell growth, cell proliferation, embryonic development, tissue differentiation, and apoptosis. Currently, over 2000 mammalian miRNAs have been reported to regulate these biological processes. A subset of microRNAs was found to be localized to human mitochondria (mitomiRs). Through years of research, over 400 mitomiRs have been shown to modulate the translational activity of the mitochondrial genome. While miRNAs have been studied for years, the function of mitomiRs and their role in neurodegenerative pathologies is not known. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent findings that relate mitomiRs to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. We also discuss the involvement of mitomiRs in regulating the mitochondrial genome in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

中文翻译：

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衰老和神经退行性疾病中的线粒体MicroRNA。

MicroRNA（miRNA）是几种生物学过程的重要调节剂，例如细胞生长，细胞增殖，胚胎发育，组织分化和细胞凋亡。当前，已经报道了超过2000种哺乳动物miRNA调节这些生物学过程。发现microRNA的一个子集位于人类线粒体（mitomiRs）。通过多年的研究，已显示出超过400个mitomiR可以调节线粒体基因组的翻译活性。尽管对miRNA进行了多年研究，但mitomiRs的功能及其在神经退行性病变中的作用尚不清楚。本文的目的是重点介绍将mitomiR与神经退行性疾病（包括阿尔茨海默氏症，帕金森氏症和亨廷顿氏症）相关的最新发现。