The possible effect of protein-enriched Opuntia cladode supplementation during the pre- and post-partum stages (−25 days to +15 days; day 0 = kidding) upon dam–kid metabolic status, colostrum-milk quality, and some behavioral kid-to-dam interaction in goats managed under rangeland extensive conditions was evaluated. Multiparous crossbred goats (n = 30), homogeneous regarding live weight (LW; 55.9 ± 1.03 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 2.5 ± 0.2 units), were randomly assigned to (1) protein-enriched Opuntia (PEO; n = 10; 29.8% crude protein (CP), 2.2 Mcal ME kg⁻¹), (2) non-enriched Opuntia (NEO; n = 10; 6.4% CP, 2.1 Mcal ME kg⁻¹), and (3) control (CON; n = 10, non-supplemented). The PEO and NEO goats were individually supplemented with Opuntia cladodes (250 g day⁻¹; 09:00–10:00 a.m.; 25 days pre- and 15 days post-partum); then, all groups grazed in a marginal rangeland (10:00 a.m. to 06:00 p.m.). LW, BCS, and blood samples to quantify serum glucose (GLU) levels were collected weekly from day −25 up to day +15 in both dams (pre- and post-partum) and kids (post-partum). At 4h and 8h post-partum, kid-to-dam behavioral tests were performed; approaches (APRO, units), animal-to-animal contact (ACONT, s), latency-to-contact (LCONT, s), and high (HPB) and low (LPB) bleats were registered. The response variables LW (58.2 ± 3.5 kg), GLU from does (66.4 ± 3.3 mg/dL), colostrum fat (12.3 ± 1.15%), non-fatty solids (20.9 ± 2.1%), density (64.4 ± 7.0%), and protein (8.1 ± 0.8%), as well as milk density (31.2 ± 1.7%) and protein (3.9 ± 0.3%), favored the PEO group. Moreover, the dam-to-kid 4 h LPB (34.5 ± 4.6 frequency), as well as kid-to-dam 8 h LCONT-own (100 ± 35.5 s) and LPB (25.2 ± 6.9 frequency) also favored the PEO group. To conclude, peripartum supplementation with protein-enriched Opuntia cladodes emerged as a key alternative to enhance the dam–kid metabolic status, to improve colostrum quality and some milk components (density and protein), as well as to expand the kid-to-dam bond in goat production systems under marginal extensive conditions.

中文翻译：

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仙人掌效应可改善半干旱牧场条件下杂交山羊及其后代的母山羊代谢标志物、增强初乳质量并增强母山羊的行为相互作用。


在产前和产后阶段（−25 天至 +15 天；第 0 天 = 开玩笑）补充富含蛋白质的仙人掌分支对母仔代谢状态、初乳质量和一些行为的影响对在广阔牧场条件下管理的山羊与大坝的相互作用进行了评估。活重（LW；55.9 ± 1.03 kg）和身体状况评分（BCS；2.5 ± 0.2 单位）均质的多胎杂交山羊（ n = 30）被随机分配到 (1)富含蛋白质的仙人掌(PEO； n = 10；29.8% 粗蛋白 (CP)，2.2 Mcal ME kg ^-1 )，(2)非富集仙人掌(NEO； n = 10；6.4% CP，2.1 Mcal ME kg ^-1 )，和 (3)对照( CON； n = 10，未补充）。 PEO和NEO山羊分别补充仙人掌分支（250克^第-1天；上午09:00–10:00；产前25天和产后15天）；然后，所有群体都在边缘牧场放牧（上午 10:00 至下午 06:00）。从第-25天到第+15天，每周收集母鼠（产前和产后）和儿童（产后）的LW、BCS和血液样本以量化血清葡萄糖（GLU）水平。产后4小时和8小时，进行孩子到母亲的行为测试；记录了方法（APRO，单位）、动物与动物接触（ACONT，s）、接触潜伏期（LCONT，s）以及高（HPB）和低（LPB）叫声。响应变量 LW (58.2 ± 3.5 kg)、GLU (66.4 ± 3.3 mg/dL)、初乳脂肪 (12.3 ± 1.15%)、非脂肪固体 (20.9 ± 2.1%)、密度 (64.4 ± 7.0%)和蛋白质 (8.1 ± 0.8%)，以及牛奶密度 (31.2 ± 1.7%）和蛋白质（3.9 ± 0.3%），有利于 PEO 组。此外，母体到孩子 4 小时 LPB（34.5 ± 4.6 频率），以及孩子到母亲 8 小时 LCONT-own（100 ± 35.5 秒）和 LPB（25.2 ± 6.9 频率）也有利于 PEO 组。总之，围产期补充富含蛋白质的仙人掌枝叶是增强母仔代谢状态、改善初乳质量和一些乳成分（密度和蛋白质）以及扩大母仔对母仔的代谢状态的关键替代方案。边际粗放条件下山羊生产系统中的债券。