Dynamic and real‐time adaptive configuration of Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPSs) results in increased complexity due to a variety of heterogeneous and interdependent variables and creates unique challenges. For example, (a) Emergent Behavior: How do we ensure that system constituents dynamically and adaptively collaborate to produce a consistent repeatable functionality while supporting the capability to upgrade the individual entities through technology infusion; (b) Scale: How do we ensure scalability of these systems by managing complexity; and (c) Risk Management: How do we evaluate and manage the risks associated with the connection and interdependencies of heterogenous systems. Design and development of this new generation of CPSs can be viewed through the lens of System‐of‐Systems (SoS) methodology which is designed to analyze and assess the evolving topologies created by interactions within a large complex system operating in dynamic and uncertain environment. In this paper, we propose the use of several SoS tools and techniques for the analysis and design of next‐generation CPSs. Our SoS methodologies address features such as diversity of component systems, complex hierarchical structures, dynamic and emergent behavior, and interactions between components. Therefore, they are suitable to treat some of the challenging features of CPSs. However, it is necessary to modify these methodologies to address specific aspects of CPSs. Constraints and metrics from SoS methodology, applied to the design space, will support decision on component systems and the topology of their connections, and provide a set of “good designs,” with desired characteristics.

中文翻译：

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用于分析网络物理系统的系统工具和技术

网络物理系统（CPS）的动态和实时自适应配置由于各种异构和相互依赖的变量而导致复杂性增加，并带来了独特的挑战。例如，（a）紧急行为：我们如何确保系统组成部分能够动态和自适应地协作以产生一致的可重复功能，同时支持通过技术注入来升级单个实体的能力；（b）规模：我们如何通过管理复杂性来确保这些系统的可扩展性；（c）风险管理：我们如何评估和管理与异构系统的连接和相互依赖性相关的风险。可以通过系统系统（SoS）方法论的视角来查看新一代CPS的设计和开发，该方法旨在分析和评估由在动态和不确定环境中运行的大型复杂系统中的交互作用所形成的不断发展的拓扑。在本文中，我们建议使用几种SoS工具和技术来分析和设计下一代CPS。我们的SoS方法论解决的功能包括组件系统的多样性，复杂的层次结构，动态和紧急行为以及组件之间的交互。因此，它们适合于治疗CPS的某些挑战性特征。但是，有必要修改这些方法以解决CPS的特定方面。来自SoS方法的约束和度量标准，应用于设计空间，